Question 1

Plasma membranes and some internal membranes have which of the following proteins,which trigger a change in the cell's activities in response to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptor proteins 
B)  Transport proteins 
C)  Adhesion proteins 
D)  Transmembrane proteins 
E)  Peripheral proteins 
A)  Receptor proteins 
B)  Transport proteins 
C)  Adhesion proteins 
D)  Transmembrane proteins 
E)  Peripheral proteins

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the energy of a system always increases 
B)  the amount of energy in the universe is changeable 
C)  chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy 
D)  energy is always stable 
E)  energy always decreases 
A)  the energy of a system always increases 
B)  the amount of energy in the universe is changeable 
C)  chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy 
D)  energy is always stable 
E)  energy always decreases

Question 3

What is the item labeled "B" in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme 
B)  The substrate 
C)  The active site 
D)  The transition state 
E)  The product 
A)  The enzyme 
B)  The substrate 
C)  The active site 
D)  The transition state 
E)  The product

Question 4

Classification. The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-This process occurs when an electron transport molecule gives up an electron.

Accepted Answer

A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Electron transport chain 
A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Electron transport chain

Question 5

Allosteric regulation generally results from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  excess substrates 
B)  binding of regulatory molecules at sites other than the active sites 
C)  a change in the temperature of the system 
D)  a lack of coenzymes 
E)  changes in pH 
A)  excess substrates 
B)  binding of regulatory molecules at sites other than the active sites 
C)  a change in the temperature of the system 
D)  a lack of coenzymes 
E)  changes in pH

Question 6

Which of the following describes a membrane as a two-dimensional liquid of a mixed composition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion 
B)  Hypertonic 
C)  Fluid mosaic 
D)  Isotonic 
E)  Osmosis 
A)  Diffusion 
B)  Hypertonic 
C)  Fluid mosaic 
D)  Isotonic 
E)  Osmosis

Question 7

What is a key characteristic of exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consume energy. 
B)  They require glucose fusion. 
C)  Their products have more energy than the reactants. 
D)  They release energy that can be used by cells. 
E)  They involve the formation of bonds. 
A)  They consume energy. 
B)  They require glucose fusion. 
C)  Their products have more energy than the reactants. 
D)  They release energy that can be used by cells. 
E)  They involve the formation of bonds.

Question 8

What is the item labeled "C" in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reactant 
B)  The substrate 
C)  The active site 
D)  The transition state 
E)  The product 
A)  The reactant 
B)  The substrate 
C)  The active site 
D)  The transition state 
E)  The product

Question 9

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Feedback inhibition

Accepted Answer

A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system 
A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system

Question 10

What is the key activity of panel II in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme is consumed as the products form. 
B)  The substrate leaves the active site. 
C)  The conversion of substrates to products occurs. 
D)  The product leaves the enzyme. 
E)  The product decomposes to the reactants. 
A)  The enzyme is consumed as the products form. 
B)  The substrate leaves the active site. 
C)  The conversion of substrates to products occurs. 
D)  The product leaves the enzyme. 
E)  The product decomposes to the reactants.

Question 11

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Entropy

Accepted Answer

A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system 
A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system

Question 12

Energy is commonly defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a form of heat 
B)  thermodynamics 
C)  the capacity to change 
D)  the capacity to do work 
E)  the ability to do work 
A)  a form of heat 
B)  thermodynamics 
C)  the capacity to change 
D)  the capacity to do work 
E)  the ability to do work

Question 13

What is a key characteristic of enzyme behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme shape is stable during catalysis. 
B)  The active site of an enzyme orients its substrate molecules, thereby promoting interaction of their reactive parts. 
C)  All enzymes have an active site where coenzymes are temporarily bound. 
D)  Each enzyme can catalyze multiple types of reactions. 
E)  Enzyme activity is not affected by pH and temperature. 
A)  Enzyme shape is stable during catalysis. 
B)  The active site of an enzyme orients its substrate molecules, thereby promoting interaction of their reactive parts. 
C)  All enzymes have an active site where coenzymes are temporarily bound. 
D)  Each enzyme can catalyze multiple types of reactions. 
E)  Enzyme activity is not affected by pH and temperature.

Question 14

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Catalase

Accepted Answer

A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system 
A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system

Question 15

The action of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pinocytosis only 
B)  phagocytosis only 
C)  exocytosis and phagocytosis 
D)  endocytosis and pinocytosis 
E)  phagocytosis and endocytosis 
A)  pinocytosis only 
B)  phagocytosis only 
C)  exocytosis and phagocytosis 
D)  endocytosis and pinocytosis 
E)  phagocytosis and endocytosis

Question 16

In order to work best,enzymes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  always need coenzymes 
B)  randomly grab surrounding molecules 
C)  need low pH 
D)  need high temperatures 
E)  need set environmental conditions, specific for each enzyme 
A)  always need coenzymes 
B)  randomly grab surrounding molecules 
C)  need low pH 
D)  need high temperatures 
E)  need set environmental conditions, specific for each enzyme

Question 17

Classification. The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-This process involves a series of enzymes and requires membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Electron transport chain 
A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Electron transport chain

Question 18

During receptor-mediated endocytosis,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane receptors bind molecules to be expelled 
B)  a small channel forms beneath the receptors 
C)  a pit opens inside a cell 
D)  a vesicle forms 
E)  a vesicle is destroyed 
A)  plasma membrane receptors bind molecules to be expelled 
B)  a small channel forms beneath the receptors 
C)  a pit opens inside a cell 
D)  a vesicle forms 
E)  a vesicle is destroyed

Question 19

In the image above,the substance indicated as B is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibitor 
B)  regulatory molecule 
C)  substrate 
D)  coenzyme 
E)  cofactor 
A)  inhibitor 
B)  regulatory molecule 
C)  substrate 
D)  coenzyme 
E)  cofactor

Question 20

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-Movement of molecules across a membrane would be equal

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor 
A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor

Exam 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism

Plasma membranes and some internal membranes have which of the following proteins,which trigger a change in the cell's activities in response to a stimulus?

According to the first law of thermodynamics,____.

What is the item labeled "B" in the accompanying figure?

Classification. The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -This process occurs when an electron transport molecule gives up an electron.

Allosteric regulation generally results from ____.

Which of the following describes a membrane as a two-dimensional liquid of a mixed composition?

What is a key characteristic of exergonic reactions?

What is the item labeled "C" in the accompanying figure?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Feedback inhibition

What is the key activity of panel II in the accompanying figure?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Entropy

Energy is commonly defined as ____.

What is a key characteristic of enzyme behavior?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Catalase

The action of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is known as ____.

In order to work best,enzymes ____.

Classification. The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -This process involves a series of enzymes and requires membranes.

During receptor-mediated endocytosis,____.

In the image above,the substance indicated as B is a(n)____.

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -Movement of molecules across a membrane would be equal

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters