Question 1

A time of increased susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences is called a(n)
__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A time of increased susceptibility to both...

Question 2

The importance of heredity stems from the fact that it

Accepted Answer

A) is not subject to environmental influences. 
B) determines the overall health of the organism. 
C) sets the limits of development by providing a framework of potentials and limitations. 
D) is more fragile than the environment and,consequently,can be more changeable. 
A) is not subject to environmental influences. 
B) determines the overall health of the organism. 
C) sets the limits of development by providing a framework of potentials and limitations. 
D) is more fragile than the environment and,consequently,can be more changeable.

Question 3

Regarding the effects of early experiences,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who are abused may suffer lifelong emotional problems. 
B) Extra care can sometimes reverse the effects of a poor start in life. 
C) The time when children are more susceptible to particular types of environmental influences is called the zone of proximal development. 
D) Babies who do not hear normal speech during their first year may have impaired lanaguage abilities. 
A) Children who are abused may suffer lifelong emotional problems. 
B) Extra care can sometimes reverse the effects of a poor start in life. 
C) The time when children are more susceptible to particular types of environmental influences is called the zone of proximal development. 
D) Babies who do not hear normal speech during their first year may have impaired lanaguage abilities.

Question 4

Both parents carry one recessive gene for sickle cell anemia,but they do not have sickle cell anemia themselves.What is the chance that their child could have sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A) one chance in two 
B) one chance in three 
C) one chance in four 
D) no chance (zero out of four) 
A) one chance in two 
B) one chance in three 
C) one chance in four 
D) no chance (zero out of four)

Question 5

The genetic transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to offspring is known as

Accepted Answer

A) development. 
B) heredity. 
C) nurture. 
D) maturation. 
A) development. 
B) heredity. 
C) nurture. 
D) maturation.

Question 6

If a woman has German measles during early pregnancy,her child may be born with heart defects,cataracts,or hearing loss.If she has German measles later in her pregnancy,the child would escape without damage.This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) sensitive periods. 
B) biological stages of development. 
C) maturational milestones. 
D) biopsychosocial crises. 
A) sensitive periods. 
B) biological stages of development. 
C) maturational milestones. 
D) biopsychosocial crises.

Question 7

Maturation is defined as the

Accepted Answer

A) physical growth and development of the body,brain,and nervous system. 
B) organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions. 
C) sum of all the external conditions affecting development. 
D) transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parent to offspring. 
A) physical growth and development of the body,brain,and nervous system. 
B) organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions. 
C) sum of all the external conditions affecting development. 
D) transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parent to offspring.

Question 8

Learning to dance or to use a computer is primarily a matter of

Accepted Answer

A) nurture. 
B) nature. 
C) heredity. 
D) maturation. 
A) nurture. 
B) nature. 
C) heredity. 
D) maturation.

Question 9

Nature is to heredity as nurture is to

Accepted Answer

A) environment. 
B) genetics. 
C) maturation. 
D) readiness. 
A) environment. 
B) genetics. 
C) maturation. 
D) readiness.

Question 10

When psychologists attribute development to nurture,they are referring to the effects of heredity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A gene whose influence will be expressed each time the gene is present is known as a _______ gene.

Accepted Answer

A) recessive 
B) dominant 
C) polygenic 
D) sex-linked 
A) recessive 
B) dominant 
C) polygenic 
D) sex-linked

Question 12

Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate's palm and aids the neonate's survival by helping him or her to avoid falling?

Accepted Answer

A) Moro reflex 
B) rooting reflex 
C) Babinski reflex 
D) grasping reflex 
A) Moro reflex 
B) rooting reflex 
C) Babinski reflex 
D) grasping reflex

Question 13

If an expectant mother is exposed to German measles,the child could be born with a

Accepted Answer

A) genetic defect. 
B) congenital problem. 
C) cephalocaudal pattern problem. 
D) proximodistal pattern problem. 
A) genetic defect. 
B) congenital problem. 
C) cephalocaudal pattern problem. 
D) proximodistal pattern problem.

Question 14

In the human growth sequence,the germinal,embryonic,and fetal periods make up the _______ period.

Accepted Answer

A) prenatal 
B) neonatal 
C) postnatal 
D) senescence 
A) prenatal 
B) neonatal 
C) postnatal 
D) senescence

Question 15

One's skin color is controlled by the expression of many genes working together in combination.Thus,skin color is a __________ characteristic.

Accepted Answer

A) dominant 
B) recessive 
C) polygenic 
D) sex-linked 
A) dominant 
B) recessive 
C) polygenic 
D) sex-linked

Question 16

The brain of a newborn baby is capable of being altered by experience,that is,it is highly

Accepted Answer

A) plastic. 
B) polygenic. 
C) anthropomorphic. 
D) denotative. 
A) plastic. 
B) polygenic. 
C) anthropomorphic. 
D) denotative.

Question 17

Approximately how many Americans fell below the poverty line in 2011?

Accepted Answer

A) 7,000,000 
B) 10,000,000 
C) 23,000,000 
D) 46,000,000 
A) 7,000,000 
B) 10,000,000 
C) 23,000,000 
D) 46,000,000

Question 18

According to the text,what conclusion can be drawn in the nature-nurture debate?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity is the most important because we inherit our potential for development as well as our limitations. 
B) Environment is the most important because influences,such as learning,nutrition,disease,and culture affect our ability to develop to our potential. 
C) It is the interaction between heredity and environment that is important in determining who we become. 
D) Neither heredity nor environment is important;only our own behavior determines who we are. 
A) Heredity is the most important because we inherit our potential for development as well as our limitations. 
B) Environment is the most important because influences,such as learning,nutrition,disease,and culture affect our ability to develop to our potential. 
C) It is the interaction between heredity and environment that is important in determining who we become. 
D) Neither heredity nor environment is important;only our own behavior determines who we are.

Question 19

Regarding the visual capabilities of the neonate,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Neonates can most clearly see objects about a foot away from them. 
B) Just hours after they are born,babies begin to prefer seeing their mother's face rather than a stranger's. 
C) When babies are only two to five days old,they will pay more attention to a person who is gazing directly at them,rather than one who is looking away. 
D) Three-day-old babies prefer looking at simple colored rectangles rather than more complex patters,such as checkerboards. 
A) Neonates can most clearly see objects about a foot away from them. 
B) Just hours after they are born,babies begin to prefer seeing their mother's face rather than a stranger's. 
C) When babies are only two to five days old,they will pay more attention to a person who is gazing directly at them,rather than one who is looking away. 
D) Three-day-old babies prefer looking at simple colored rectangles rather than more complex patters,such as checkerboards.

Question 20

Compared to the adult brain,the brain of a newborn baby has fewer connections between nerve cells,which are called

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites. 
B) synapses. 
C) ion channels. 
D) nodes of Ranvier. 
A) dendrites. 
B) synapses. 
C) ion channels. 
D) nodes of Ranvier.

Exam 13: Human Development: Heredity and Environment

A time of increased susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences is called a(n) __________.

The importance of heredity stems from the fact that it

Regarding the effects of early experiences,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Both parents carry one recessive gene for sickle cell anemia,but they do not have sickle cell anemia themselves.What is the chance that their child could have sickle cell anemia?

The genetic transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to offspring is known as

If a woman has German measles during early pregnancy,her child may be born with heart defects,cataracts,or hearing loss.If she has German measles later in her pregnancy,the child would escape without damage.This illustrates the importance of

Maturation is defined as the

Learning to dance or to use a computer is primarily a matter of

Nature is to heredity as nurture is to

When psychologists attribute development to nurture,they are referring to the effects of heredity.

A gene whose influence will be expressed each time the gene is present is known as a _______ gene.

Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate's palm and aids the neonate's survival by helping him or her to avoid falling?

If an expectant mother is exposed to German measles,the child could be born with a

In the human growth sequence,the germinal,embryonic,and fetal periods make up the _______ period.

One's skin color is controlled by the expression of many genes working together in combination.Thus,skin color is a __________ characteristic.

The brain of a newborn baby is capable of being altered by experience,that is,it is highly

Approximately how many Americans fell below the poverty line in 2011?

According to the text,what conclusion can be drawn in the nature-nurture debate?

Regarding the visual capabilities of the neonate,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Compared to the adult brain,the brain of a newborn baby has fewer connections between nerve cells,which are called

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology