Question 1

When Martin boils down the paragraphs in his physics book to one or two important points,he is helping his memory by using the technique called

Accepted Answer

A) organization. 
B) repetition. 
C) selection. 
D) serial positioning. 
A) organization. 
B) repetition. 
C) selection. 
D) serial positioning.

Question 2

If you did not have which of the following you would recall countless scraps of unimportant information,such as the ingredients on your cereal box and every street number you have ever seen?

Accepted Answer

A) selective memory 
B) vivid visual images 
C) semantic memory 
D) episodic memory 
A) selective memory 
B) vivid visual images 
C) semantic memory 
D) episodic memory

Question 3

Most individuals with exceptional memory use

Accepted Answer

A) no particular strategy. 
B) intensive maintenance rehearsal. 
C) tape recorders with numerous play backs of the information. 
D) memory strategies,such as mnemonics and chunking. 
A) no particular strategy. 
B) intensive maintenance rehearsal. 
C) tape recorders with numerous play backs of the information. 
D) memory strategies,such as mnemonics and chunking.

Question 4

Effective strategies for improving memory encoding include

Accepted Answer

A) organizing the information to be retained. 
B) studying for long uninterrupted periods. 
C) underlining a lot of details in your text so that you can retain everything. 
D) using all of these strategies in combination. 
A) organizing the information to be retained. 
B) studying for long uninterrupted periods. 
C) underlining a lot of details in your text so that you can retain everything. 
D) using all of these strategies in combination.

Question 5

When breaking long lists of information into sub-lists,it is best to make the sub-lists the shortest

Accepted Answer

A) in the beginning. 
B) in the middle. 
C) at the very end. 
D) in none of these secions since all sub-lists should contain the same number of items. 
A) in the beginning. 
B) in the middle. 
C) at the very end. 
D) in none of these secions since all sub-lists should contain the same number of items.

Question 6

When Sarah relates her own life experiences to what she is learning in her psychology class,it will be easier for her to recall the information on an exam.Sarah is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A) proactive encoding. 
B) elaborative processing. 
C) chunking or recoding. 
D) maintenance rehearsal. 
A) proactive encoding. 
B) elaborative processing. 
C) chunking or recoding. 
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 7

Retrieval cues are defined as

Accepted Answer

A) learned mechanisms that interfere with memory formation. 
B) stimuli associated with the memory that enhance it and are often present during encoding. 
C) distracter stimuli that are present during encoding and prevent retrieval. 
D) none of these. 
A) learned mechanisms that interfere with memory formation. 
B) stimuli associated with the memory that enhance it and are often present during encoding. 
C) distracter stimuli that are present during encoding and prevent retrieval. 
D) none of these.

Question 8

According to research,which of the following would improve attention and consolidation and produce more learning?

Accepted Answer

A) one intensive 20-minute session using maintenance rehearsal 
B) one 60-minute continuous study session 
C) three 20-minute sessions with rest periods in-between 
D) each type of study session would produce equivalent amounts of learning 
A) one intensive 20-minute session using maintenance rehearsal 
B) one 60-minute continuous study session 
C) three 20-minute sessions with rest periods in-between 
D) each type of study session would produce equivalent amounts of learning

Question 9

If you want to improve your memory,your best bet would be to

Accepted Answer

A) use herbs,such as Ginko biloba. 
B) take large doses of Vitamin E. 
C) use learned strategies for encoding and retrieval. 
D) receive electroconvulsive shocks (ECS)to improve long-term potentiation. 
A) use herbs,such as Ginko biloba. 
B) take large doses of Vitamin E. 
C) use learned strategies for encoding and retrieval. 
D) receive electroconvulsive shocks (ECS)to improve long-term potentiation.

Question 10

Regarding Wilding and Valentine's research on exceptional memory,which of the following was NOT a finding of their research?

Accepted Answer

A) Many of the contestants actively used memory strategies,including mnemonics. 
B) Specialized interests or knowledge helped participants on some memory tasks. 
C) On tasks in which the use of learned strategies was prevented,no participant was able to excel on these memory tasks. 
D) Wilding and Valentine concluded that exceptional memory may be based on either natural ability or learned strategies,but usually required both. 
A) Many of the contestants actively used memory strategies,including mnemonics. 
B) Specialized interests or knowledge helped participants on some memory tasks. 
C) On tasks in which the use of learned strategies was prevented,no participant was able to excel on these memory tasks. 
D) Wilding and Valentine concluded that exceptional memory may be based on either natural ability or learned strategies,but usually required both.

Question 11

Suzie is using flash cards to study for her upcoming psychology test.She looks at the first card,moves it a few cards back,and then a little further back in the stack each time.Suzie is

Accepted Answer

A) using maintenance rehearsal to study for the test. 
B) extending how long she remembers the information. 
C) incorporating cognitive processing into her study plan. 
D) using a very inefficient method of studying known as spaced practice. 
A) using maintenance rehearsal to study for the test. 
B) extending how long she remembers the information. 
C) incorporating cognitive processing into her study plan. 
D) using a very inefficient method of studying known as spaced practice.

Question 12

Representations in one's memory that are typically viewed with the eyes closed are called _______ images.

Accepted Answer

A) mental 
B) implicit 
C) eidetic 
D) redintegrative 
A) mental 
B) implicit 
C) eidetic 
D) redintegrative

Question 13

Jamilla is learning her lines for the play.First,she learns half of scene one.Once it is mastered,she studies the second half of scene one.She then goes back and recites her lines for all of scene one.Once this is mastered,Jamilla starts learning the first half of scene two and so on,always starting at the beginning of the play,once she has mastered each small part.After the whole play is learned,Jamilla also practices by starting at different points in the play.This will help prevent getting "lost" or going blank in the middle of the performance.To learn her lines for the play,Jamilla is using

Accepted Answer

A) whole learning. 
B) the serial position approach. 
C) partial encoding. 
D) the progressive-part method. 
A) whole learning. 
B) the serial position approach. 
C) partial encoding. 
D) the progressive-part method.

Question 14

When memorizing a list of 20 names,concentrating more on the eighth name through the fourteenth name shows that you are aware of the importance of which of the following in learning lists?

Accepted Answer

A) selection 
B) organization 
C) the serial-position effect 
D) part-learning 
A) selection 
B) organization 
C) the serial-position effect 
D) part-learning

Question 15

Students often assume that because they can answer all the study questions once,they have sufficiently prepared for a test.This mistaken attitude overlooks the importance of which of the following for improving memory?

Accepted Answer

A) overlearning 
B) spaced practice 
C) recitation 
D) organization 
A) overlearning 
B) spaced practice 
C) recitation 
D) organization

Question 16

Discuss the findings of Psychologists John Wilding and Elizabeth Valentine's research on exceptional memorizers.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that Wilding and Val

Question 17

The best way to make use of spaced practice is to

Accepted Answer

A) schedule your time. 
B) use the progressive-whole method. 
C) sleep less. 
D) utilize maintenance rehearsal. 
A) schedule your time. 
B) use the progressive-whole method. 
C) sleep less. 
D) utilize maintenance rehearsal.

Question 18

Recitation is effective in improving memory because it

Accepted Answer

A) provides a protection against interference. 
B) forces one to practice retrieving information. 
C) provides insight into unconscious processes that may distort memory. 
D) changes sensory memory. 
A) provides a protection against interference. 
B) forces one to practice retrieving information. 
C) provides insight into unconscious processes that may distort memory. 
D) changes sensory memory.

Question 19

Greg designates times during the week before,after,and between classes when he will study particular subjects,and,then,he treats these times just as if they are classes he has to attend.Greg is scheduling his time in order to make effective use of which study strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) the progressive-part method 
B) massed practice 
C) spaced practice 
D) whole learning 
A) the progressive-part method 
B) massed practice 
C) spaced practice 
D) whole learning

Question 20

People who are hungry usually score higher on memory tests than do people who are not hungry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 35: Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

When Martin boils down the paragraphs in his physics book to one or two important points,he is helping his memory by using the technique called

If you did not have which of the following you would recall countless scraps of unimportant information,such as the ingredients on your cereal box and every street number you have ever seen?

Most individuals with exceptional memory use

Effective strategies for improving memory encoding include

When breaking long lists of information into sub-lists,it is best to make the sub-lists the shortest

When Sarah relates her own life experiences to what she is learning in her psychology class,it will be easier for her to recall the information on an exam.Sarah is engaging in

Retrieval cues are defined as

According to research,which of the following would improve attention and consolidation and produce more learning?

If you want to improve your memory,your best bet would be to

Regarding Wilding and Valentine's research on exceptional memory,which of the following was NOT a finding of their research?

Suzie is using flash cards to study for her upcoming psychology test.She looks at the first card,moves it a few cards back,and then a little further back in the stack each time.Suzie is

Representations in one's memory that are typically viewed with the eyes closed are called _______ images.

When memorizing a list of 20 names,concentrating more on the eighth name through the fourteenth name shows that you are aware of the importance of which of the following in learning lists?

Students often assume that because they can answer all the study questions once,they have sufficiently prepared for a test.This mistaken attitude overlooks the importance of which of the following for improving memory?

Discuss the findings of Psychologists John Wilding and Elizabeth Valentine's research on exceptional memorizers.

The best way to make use of spaced practice is to

Recitation is effective in improving memory because it

Greg designates times during the week before,after,and between classes when he will study particular subjects,and,then,he treats these times just as if they are classes he has to attend.Greg is scheduling his time in order to make effective use of which study strategy?

People who are hungry usually score higher on memory tests than do people who are not hungry.

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia