Question 1

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women's health is by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  case studies. 
B)  experiments. 
C)  correlational measurement. 
D)  naturalistic observations. 
A)  case studies. 
B)  experiments. 
C)  correlational measurement. 
D)  naturalistic observations.

Question 2

Psychologists' personal values

Accepted Answer

A)  are carefully tested by means of observation and experimentation. 
B)  lead them to avoid experiments involving human participants. 
C)  can bias their observations and interpretations. 
D)  have very little influence on the process of scientific observation. 
A)  are carefully tested by means of observation and experimentation. 
B)  lead them to avoid experiments involving human participants. 
C)  can bias their observations and interpretations. 
D)  have very little influence on the process of scientific observation.

Question 3

The use of ________ effectively equalizes the groups in an experimental design.

Accepted Answer

A)  a correlation coefficient 
B)  random assignment 
C)  a control group 
D)  the scientific method 
A)  a correlation coefficient 
B)  random assignment 
C)  a control group 
D)  the scientific method

Question 4

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults,they will have more difficulty controlling their anger.Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypothesis. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  an operational definition. 
D)  the placebo effect. 
A)  a hypothesis. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  an operational definition. 
D)  the placebo effect.

Question 5

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.This illustrates the practice of seeking

Accepted Answer

A)  a representative sample. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  an operational definition. 
D)  a placebo effect. 
A)  a representative sample. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  an operational definition. 
D)  a placebo effect.

Question 6

Design an experiment to test whether playing violent video games influences childhood aggression.Be sure to specify your experimental hypothesis and identify your dependent and independent variables,as well as your experimental and control conditions.Identify any experimental procedures that would help to ensure the reliability of your research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Design an experiment to test whether playing...

Question 7

To test the potential effect of hunger on taste sensitivity,groups of research participants are deprived of food for differing lengths of time before they engage in a taste-sensitivity test.This research is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational research. 
B)  an experiment. 
C)  survey research. 
D)  naturalistic observation. 
A)  correlational research. 
B)  an experiment. 
C)  survey research. 
D)  naturalistic observation.

Question 8

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid the use of animals in experimental research. 
B)  minimize the use of the double-blind procedure with human research participants. 
C)  treat information about individual research participants confidentially. 
D)  avoid the use of financial incentives in any kind of research. 
A)  avoid the use of animals in experimental research. 
B)  minimize the use of the double-blind procedure with human research participants. 
C)  treat information about individual research participants confidentially. 
D)  avoid the use of financial incentives in any kind of research.

Question 9

A statement describing how a researcher manipulates an independent variable is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  control condition. 
B)  replication. 
C)  operational definition. 
D)  hypothesis. 
A)  control condition. 
B)  replication. 
C)  operational definition. 
D)  hypothesis.

Question 10

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo.This investigation involves the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  random sampling. 
C)  the double-blind procedure. 
D)  replication. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  random sampling. 
C)  the double-blind procedure. 
D)  replication.

Question 11

A descriptive technique of monitoring and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  replication. 
D)  the double-blind procedure. 
A)  random sampling. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  replication. 
D)  the double-blind procedure.

Question 12

Dr.Branch would like to study the relationship between room lighting and college students' test performance.He randomly assigns college students to two groups.The first group takes an exam in a dimly lit room and the second group takes the same exam in a regularly lit room.What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  room lighting 
B)  exam scores 
C)  random assignment 
D)  Dr.Branch 
A)  room lighting 
B)  exam scores 
C)  random assignment 
D)  Dr.Branch

Question 13

Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  the survey 
B)  the experiment 
C)  correlational research 
D)  naturalistic observation 
A)  the survey 
B)  the experiment 
C)  correlational research 
D)  naturalistic observation

Question 14

Psychological theories help to

Accepted Answer

A)  organize scientific observations. 
B)  explain observed facts. 
C)  generate hypotheses. 
D)  do all of these things. 
A)  organize scientific observations. 
B)  explain observed facts. 
C)  generate hypotheses. 
D)  do all of these things.

Question 15

Little Hans' extreme fear of horses was observed as part of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment. 
B)  survey. 
C)  case study. 
D)  double-blind procedure. 
A)  experiment. 
B)  survey. 
C)  case study. 
D)  double-blind procedure.

Question 16

Mike Crampton's stockbroker has informed him that he has suffered substantial investment losses.When Mike tells his wife,she angrily responds,"I could have told you that your investment plan would fail!" Her comment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias. 
B)  debriefing. 
C)  the placebo effect. 
D)  replication. 
A)  hindsight bias. 
B)  debriefing. 
C)  the placebo effect. 
D)  replication.

Question 17

Website polls and call-in phone surveys often yield unrepresentative results because they fail to use

Accepted Answer

A)  operational definitions. 
B)  random sampling. 
C)  scatterplots. 
D)  double-blind procedures. 
A)  operational definitions. 
B)  random sampling. 
C)  scatterplots. 
D)  double-blind procedures.

Question 18

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence and academic success. 
B)  poverty and physical health. 
C)  self-esteem and depression. 
D)  school grades and school absences. 
A)  intelligence and academic success. 
B)  poverty and physical health. 
C)  self-esteem and depression. 
D)  school grades and school absences.

Question 19

Experimentation is more useful than correlational research for testing the claim that

Accepted Answer

A)  children who view a great deal of television violence are also likely to be unusually aggressive. 
B)  people who exercise frequently are less likely to suffer from depression than infrequent exercisers. 
C)  people's friendliness and feelings of happiness are increased by the consumption of alcohol. 
D)  people who drink higher-than-average amounts of coffee are also likely to drink higher-than-average amounts of tea. 
A)  children who view a great deal of television violence are also likely to be unusually aggressive. 
B)  people who exercise frequently are less likely to suffer from depression than infrequent exercisers. 
C)  people's friendliness and feelings of happiness are increased by the consumption of alcohol. 
D)  people who drink higher-than-average amounts of coffee are also likely to drink higher-than-average amounts of tea.

Question 20

If university graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates,this would indicate that level of education and income are

Accepted Answer

A)  positively correlated. 
B)  independent variables. 
C)  dependent variables. 
D)  negatively correlated. 
A)  positively correlated. 
B)  independent variables. 
C)  dependent variables. 
D)  negatively correlated.

Exam 2: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women's health is by means of

Psychologists' personal values

The use of ________ effectively equalizes the groups in an experimental design.

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults,they will have more difficulty controlling their anger.Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.This illustrates the practice of seeking

To test the potential effect of hunger on taste sensitivity,groups of research participants are deprived of food for differing lengths of time before they engage in a taste-sensitivity test.This research is an example of

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to

A statement describing how a researcher manipulates an independent variable is known as a(n)

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo.This investigation involves the use of

A descriptive technique of monitoring and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation is called

Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?

Psychological theories help to

Little Hans' extreme fear of horses was observed as part of a(n)

Mike Crampton's stockbroker has informed him that he has suffered substantial investment losses.When Mike tells his wife,she angrily responds,"I could have told you that your investment plan would fail!" Her comment best illustrates

Website polls and call-in phone surveys often yield unrepresentative results because they fail to use

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

Experimentation is more useful than correlational research for testing the claim that

If university graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates,this would indicate that level of education and income are

The History and Scope of Psychology

Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions

Neural and Hormonal Systems

The Brain

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Environmental Influences on Behavior, and Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues

Introduction to Sensation and Perception

Vision

Hearing

Other Senses

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Interpretation

Waking and Sleeping Rhythms

Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Learning by Observation

Introduction to Memory

Encoding: Getting Information In

Storage: Retaining Information

Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Thinking

Language and Thought

Introduction to Intelligence

Assessing Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Introduction to Motivation

Hunger

Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Motivation at Work

Introduction to Emotion

Experienced Emotion

Expressed Emotion

Stress and Illness

Coping With Stress

Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Contemporary Research on Personality

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Mood Disorders

Schizophrenia

The Psychological Therapies

Evaluating Psychotherapies

The Biomedical Therapies

Social Thinking

Appendix

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