Question 1

Vivid and memorable images of shark attacks that lead people to develop exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  the availability heuristic. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  convergent thinking. 
A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  the availability heuristic. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  convergent thinking.

Question 2

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics. 
B)  algorithms. 
C)  mental sets. 
D)  concepts. 
A)  heuristics. 
B)  algorithms. 
C)  mental sets. 
D)  concepts.

Question 3

Students in an economics course were upset when they received average scores of 72 on a 100-point exam.However,they were delighted when they received average scores of 96 on a 137-point exam.Their differing reactions to their two exam scores best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  the availability heuristic. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  framing. 
A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  the availability heuristic. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  framing.

Question 4

The most creative scientists are those who

Accepted Answer

A)  investigate issues about which they have very little previous knowledge. 
B)  are intrinsically motivated to solve problems. 
C)  have little tolerance for ambiguity. 
D)  have a timid personality. 
A)  investigate issues about which they have very little previous knowledge. 
B)  are intrinsically motivated to solve problems. 
C)  have little tolerance for ambiguity. 
D)  have a timid personality.

Question 5

After taking two years of economics courses,Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire.Lionel should become more aware of

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  algorithms. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  overconfidence. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  algorithms. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  overconfidence.

Question 6

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words.Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A)  right temporal 
B)  left temporal 
C)  right occipital 
D)  left occipital 
A)  right temporal 
B)  left temporal 
C)  right occipital 
D)  left occipital

Question 7

Creativity is most likely to be supported by above-average levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  intellectual aptitude. 
C)  extrinsic motivation. 
D)  confirmation bias. 
A)  belief perseverance. 
B)  intellectual aptitude. 
C)  extrinsic motivation. 
D)  confirmation bias.

Question 8

A best example of a category of objects,events,ideas,or people is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm. 
B)  concept. 
C)  prototype. 
D)  heuristic. 
A)  algorithm. 
B)  concept. 
C)  prototype. 
D)  heuristic.

Question 9

Vivid memories of highly improbable dangers can lead us to overestimate their likelihood and thus fear the wrong things.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  the availability heuristic. 
A)  fixation. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 10

People who err on the side of overconfidence are especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  use algorithms to solve problems. 
B)  appear less credible to others. 
C)  avoid confirmation bias. 
D)  live more happily. 
A)  use algorithms to solve problems. 
B)  appear less credible to others. 
C)  avoid confirmation bias. 
D)  live more happily.

Question 11

Underestimating the time and cost necessary to complete a project best demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent thinking. 
B)  the framing effect. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  the planning fallacy. 
A)  divergent thinking. 
B)  the framing effect. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  the planning fallacy.

Question 12

Stockbrokers who market their services with the confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  appear competent to their customers. 
B)  find it difficult to decide which stocks to purchase. 
C)  avoid the dangers of belief perseverance. 
D)  use algorithms to generate stock choices. 
A)  appear competent to their customers. 
B)  find it difficult to decide which stocks to purchase. 
C)  avoid the dangers of belief perseverance. 
D)  use algorithms to generate stock choices.

Question 13

Fixation is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way,often a way that has been successful in the past. 
B)  a sudden realization of a problem's solution;contrasts with strategy-based solutions. 
C)  an effortless,immediate,automatic feeling or thought,as contrasted with explicit,conscious reasoning. 
D)  the inability to see a problem from a new perspective. 
A)  a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way,often a way that has been successful in the past. 
B)  a sudden realization of a problem's solution;contrasts with strategy-based solutions. 
C)  an effortless,immediate,automatic feeling or thought,as contrasted with explicit,conscious reasoning. 
D)  the inability to see a problem from a new perspective.

Question 14

Chimpanzee B watches Chimpanzee A obtain food either by sliding or by lifting a door.Chimpanzee B will then typically do the same to get food.And so will Chimpanzee C after observing Chimpanzee B.This sequence has been said to illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent thinking. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  cultural transmission. 
A)  divergent thinking. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  cultural transmission.

Question 15

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Accepted Answer

A)  fixations. 
B)  heuristics. 
C)  prototypes. 
D)  algorithms. 
A)  fixations. 
B)  heuristics. 
C)  prototypes. 
D)  algorithms.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of cultural transmission among nonhuman animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chimpanzees can use different tools for different purposes. 
B)  Black bears can sort pictures into animal and nonanimal categories. 
C)  Pigeons have been found to be able to form concepts. 
D)  Apes have been found to anticipate the actions of others. 
A)  Chimpanzees can use different tools for different purposes. 
B)  Black bears can sort pictures into animal and nonanimal categories. 
C)  Pigeons have been found to be able to form concepts. 
D)  Apes have been found to anticipate the actions of others.

Question 17

Belief perseverance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions. 
B)  approaching a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past. 
C)  a methodical procedure that guarantees the eventual solution of a problem. 
D)  clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. 
A)  a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions. 
B)  approaching a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past. 
C)  a methodical procedure that guarantees the eventual solution of a problem. 
D)  clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

Question 18

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at

Accepted Answer

A)  creative problem solving. 
B)  generating algorithms. 
C)  convergent thinking. 
D)  forming concepts. 
A)  creative problem solving. 
B)  generating algorithms. 
C)  convergent thinking. 
D)  forming concepts.

Question 19

Just passing by a person who sneezes and coughs heightens our perceptions of various health risks.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  framing. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  framing.

Question 20

Cognition can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a mental grouping of similar objects,events,ideas,or people. 
B)  all of the mental activities associated with thinking,knowing,remembering,and communicating. 
C)  a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently. 
D)  a methodical,logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. 
A)  a mental grouping of similar objects,events,ideas,or people. 
B)  all of the mental activities associated with thinking,knowing,remembering,and communicating. 
C)  a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently. 
D)  a methodical,logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

Exam 26: Storage: Retaining Information

Vivid and memorable images of shark attacks that lead people to develop exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Students in an economics course were upset when they received average scores of 72 on a 100-point exam.However,they were delighted when they received average scores of 96 on a 137-point exam.Their differing reactions to their two exam scores best illustrates the impact of

The most creative scientists are those who

After taking two years of economics courses,Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire.Lionel should become more aware of

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words.Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Creativity is most likely to be supported by above-average levels of

A best example of a category of objects,events,ideas,or people is called a(n)

Vivid memories of highly improbable dangers can lead us to overestimate their likelihood and thus fear the wrong things.This best illustrates the impact of

People who err on the side of overconfidence are especially likely to

Underestimating the time and cost necessary to complete a project best demonstrates

Stockbrokers who market their services with the confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

Fixation is defined as

Chimpanzee B watches Chimpanzee A obtain food either by sliding or by lifting a door.Chimpanzee B will then typically do the same to get food.And so will Chimpanzee C after observing Chimpanzee B.This sequence has been said to illustrate

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Which of the following is an example of cultural transmission among nonhuman animals?

Belief perseverance refers to

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at

Just passing by a person who sneezes and coughs heightens our perceptions of various health risks.This best illustrates the impact of

Cognition can be defined as

The History and Scope of Psychology

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions

Neural and Hormonal Systems

The Brain

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Environmental Influences on Behavior, and Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues

Introduction to Sensation and Perception

Vision

Hearing

Other Senses

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Interpretation

Waking and Sleeping Rhythms

Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Learning by Observation

Introduction to Memory

Encoding: Getting Information In

Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Thinking

Language and Thought

Introduction to Intelligence

Assessing Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Introduction to Motivation

Hunger

Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Motivation at Work

Introduction to Emotion

Experienced Emotion

Expressed Emotion

Stress and Illness

Coping With Stress

Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Contemporary Research on Personality

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Mood Disorders

Schizophrenia

The Psychological Therapies

Evaluating Psychotherapies

The Biomedical Therapies

Social Thinking

Appendix

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