Question 1

Which structure is involved in the breakdown of food particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagosome 
B)  Chloroplast 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Nucleus 
E)  Ribosome 
A)  Phagosome 
B)  Chloroplast 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Nucleus 
E)  Ribosome

Question 2

Chloroplasts are a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  leucoplast. 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  chromoplast. 
D)  Golgi apparatus. 
E)  plastid. 
A)  leucoplast. 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  chromoplast. 
D)  Golgi apparatus. 
E)  plastid.

Question 3

You have three cell types: A, B, and C.After close examination, you hypothesize that cell C is the result of an endosymbiotic relationship between cell A and cell B, where A was internalized by B.Which result would help provide evidence in support of your hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequences from organelles in cell C show overlap with nuclear DNA of cell A. 
B)  Nuclear DNA sequences in cell C show overlap with nuclear DNA of cell A. 
C)  DNA sequences from various organelles within cell C show overlap with one another. 
D)  Nuclear DNA sequences in cell B show overlap with nuclear DNA of cell A. 
E)  Nuclear DNA sequences in cell C show no overlap with organelle DNA sequences in cell C. 
A)  DNA sequences from organelles in cell C show overlap with nuclear DNA of cell A. 
B)  Nuclear DNA sequences in cell C show overlap with nuclear DNA of cell A. 
C)  DNA sequences from various organelles within cell C show overlap with one another. 
D)  Nuclear DNA sequences in cell B show overlap with nuclear DNA of cell A. 
E)  Nuclear DNA sequences in cell C show no overlap with organelle DNA sequences in cell C.

Question 4

Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic pigments. 
B)  starch molecules for energy storage. 
C)  their own DNA molecules. 
D)  cell waste materials. 
E)  digestive enzymes. 
A)  photosynthetic pigments. 
B)  starch molecules for energy storage. 
C)  their own DNA molecules. 
D)  cell waste materials. 
E)  digestive enzymes.

Question 5

Cytoskeletal components with a 7 nm diameter are discovered in the cultured cells of an animal.Which would be a good experiment to check your hypothesis about the identity of these cytoskeletal components?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expose the cells to a substance that binds myosin proteins, and see if the cell is still able to make the structures. 
B)  Incubate the cells in a substance that will depolymerize actin, and observe whether the structure collapses. 
C)  Inject a tubulin binding protein, and see whether the cell is able to maintain the structures. 
D)  Add a dynein inhibitor, and see whether the structures disappear. 
E)  Include a keratin digestion component in the culture, and confirm loss of the structure. 
A)  Expose the cells to a substance that binds myosin proteins, and see if the cell is still able to make the structures. 
B)  Incubate the cells in a substance that will depolymerize actin, and observe whether the structure collapses. 
C)  Inject a tubulin binding protein, and see whether the cell is able to maintain the structures. 
D)  Add a dynein inhibitor, and see whether the structures disappear. 
E)  Include a keratin digestion component in the culture, and confirm loss of the structure.

Question 6

RNA is able to carry information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by passing through small perforations in the nuclear membrane called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA is able to carry information for...

Question 7

Chloroplasts are the structures in which

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins are processed for export from the cell. 
B)  cell division is controlled. 
C)  genetic information is used to make proteins. 
D)  light energy is converted into chemical energy. 
E)  new organelles are made. 
A)  proteins are processed for export from the cell. 
B)  cell division is controlled. 
C)  genetic information is used to make proteins. 
D)  light energy is converted into chemical energy. 
E)  new organelles are made.

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ

Accepted Answer

A)  only in terms of the presence (in RER) or absence (in SER) of ribosomes. 
B)  in their function, and also in terms of the presence (in RER) or absence (in SER) of ribosomes. 
C)  only in terms of their microscopic appearance. 
D)  only in their function. 
E)  in terms of their evolutionary origins. 
A)  only in terms of the presence (in RER) or absence (in SER) of ribosomes. 
B)  in their function, and also in terms of the presence (in RER) or absence (in SER) of ribosomes. 
C)  only in terms of their microscopic appearance. 
D)  only in their function. 
E)  in terms of their evolutionary origins.

Question 9

Which structure is found only in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cilium 
B)  Nucleus 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Glyoxysome 
E)  Peroxisome 
A)  Cilium 
B)  Nucleus 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Glyoxysome 
E)  Peroxisome

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells possess organelles where specific metabolic functions occur.What are the benefits of compartmentalization to a cell?

Accepted Answer

Organelles allow different metabolic env

Question 11

Five statements about cell membranes are given.Which statement can be used to explain the importance of the cell membrane to cell survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell membranes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the same basic structure. 
B)  Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins. 
C)  Cell membranes are selectively permeable with respect to molecules and ions. 
D)  The cell membrane is so small that it is best viewed with an electron microscope. 
E)  The cell membrane expands or shrinks by the addition or removal of phospholipid molecules. 
A)  The cell membranes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the same basic structure. 
B)  Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins. 
C)  Cell membranes are selectively permeable with respect to molecules and ions. 
D)  The cell membrane is so small that it is best viewed with an electron microscope. 
E)  The cell membrane expands or shrinks by the addition or removal of phospholipid molecules.

Question 12

What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  Free ribosomes produce proteins in the nucleus, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins in the cytoplasm. 
C)  Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
D)  Free ribosomes are found in prokaryotes, whereas attached ribosomes are found in eukaryotes. 
E)  Free ribosomes function in protein synthesis, whereas attached ribosomes function in protein modification. 
A)  Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  Free ribosomes produce proteins in the nucleus, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins in the cytoplasm. 
C)  Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
D)  Free ribosomes are found in prokaryotes, whereas attached ribosomes are found in eukaryotes. 
E)  Free ribosomes function in protein synthesis, whereas attached ribosomes function in protein modification.

Question 13

Which structure is present in some prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloroplast 
B)  Capsule 
C)  Nucleus 
D)  Mitochondrion 
E)  Microtubule 
A)  Chloroplast 
B)  Capsule 
C)  Nucleus 
D)  Mitochondrion 
E)  Microtubule

Question 14

The technique of _______ microscopy can be used to visualize the embedded components of a cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  light 
B)  scanning electron 
C)  freeze-fracture 
D)  phase-contrast 
E)  confocal 
A)  light 
B)  scanning electron 
C)  freeze-fracture 
D)  phase-contrast 
E)  confocal

Question 15

Steroids are synthesized by

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  the Golgi apparatus. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  the Golgi apparatus. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

You are given an unknown organism to classify.The presence of which cell structure would eliminate the possibility that the organism is an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus 
B)  Nucleolus 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Amyloplast 
E)  Golgi apparatus 
A)  Nucleus 
B)  Nucleolus 
C)  Mitochondrion 
D)  Amyloplast 
E)  Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Though science fiction has produced stories like The Blob, we do not see many large, single-celled organisms.Which is a reason for the limitation to cell size?

Accepted Answer

A)  The difficulty of maintaining a continuous membrane around a large cell 
B)  The difficulty of reproducing a large cell 
C)  The difficulty of moving molecules rapidly within a large cell 
D)  The difficulty of DNA replication in a large cell 
E)  The difficulty of synthesizing proteins in a large cell 
A)  The difficulty of maintaining a continuous membrane around a large cell 
B)  The difficulty of reproducing a large cell 
C)  The difficulty of moving molecules rapidly within a large cell 
D)  The difficulty of DNA replication in a large cell 
E)  The difficulty of synthesizing proteins in a large cell

Question 18

Which is the correct order of structures that a macromolecule and its monomers will encounter in the time period between when the macromolecule is engulfed into a cell and when its monomers are used as an energy source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria 
B)  Primary lysosome, secondary lysosome, peroxisome, cell membrane 
C)  Primary lysosome, peroxisome, secondary lysosome, mitochondria 
D)  Phagosome, secondary lysosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria 
E)  Phagosome, cytoplasm, cisternae, secondary lysosome, mitochondria 
A)  Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria 
B)  Primary lysosome, secondary lysosome, peroxisome, cell membrane 
C)  Primary lysosome, peroxisome, secondary lysosome, mitochondria 
D)  Phagosome, secondary lysosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria 
E)  Phagosome, cytoplasm, cisternae, secondary lysosome, mitochondria

Question 19

Refer to the table below, which a student created as a study guide for reviewing similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.   Which statement best evaluates the accuracy of the student's work?

Accepted Answer

A)  The table is accurate as written. 
B)  The table contains one inaccuracy concerning the presence of DNA in prokaryotes. 
C)  The table contains one inaccuracy concerning the presence of a cell nucleus in prokaryotes. 
D)  The table contains one inaccuracy concerning the presence of organelles in eukaryotes. 
E)  The table contains two inaccuracies concerning the presence of DNA and a cell nucleus in prokaryotes. 
A)  The table is accurate as written. 
B)  The table contains one inaccuracy concerning the presence of DNA in prokaryotes. 
C)  The table contains one inaccuracy concerning the presence of a cell nucleus in prokaryotes. 
D)  The table contains one inaccuracy concerning the presence of organelles in eukaryotes. 
E)  The table contains two inaccuracies concerning the presence of DNA and a cell nucleus in prokaryotes.

Question 20

A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. 
B)  is smaller than a primary lysosome. 
C)  will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. 
D)  is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. 
E)  has undergone exocytosis. 
A)  provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. 
B)  is smaller than a primary lysosome. 
C)  will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. 
D)  is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. 
E)  has undergone exocytosis.

Exam 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life

Which structure is involved in the breakdown of food particles by the cell?

Chloroplasts are a type of

You have three cell types: A, B, and C.After close examination, you hypothesize that cell C is the result of an endosymbiotic relationship between cell A and cell B, where A was internalized by B.Which result would help provide evidence in support of your hypothesis?

Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

Cytoskeletal components with a 7 nm diameter are discovered in the cultured cells of an animal.Which would be a good experiment to check your hypothesis about the identity of these cytoskeletal components?

RNA is able to carry information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by passing through small perforations in the nuclear membrane called _______.

Chloroplasts are the structures in which

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ

Which structure is found only in plant cells?

Eukaryotic cells possess organelles where specific metabolic functions occur.What are the benefits of compartmentalization to a cell?

Five statements about cell membranes are given.Which statement can be used to explain the importance of the cell membrane to cell survival?

What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?

Which structure is present in some prokaryotic cells?

The technique of _______ microscopy can be used to visualize the embedded components of a cell membrane.

Steroids are synthesized by

You are given an unknown organism to classify.The presence of which cell structure would eliminate the possibility that the organism is an animal?

Though science fiction has produced stories like The Blob, we do not see many large, single-celled organisms.Which is a reason for the limitation to cell size?

Which is the correct order of structures that a macromolecule and its monomers will encounter in the time period between when the macromolecule is engulfed into a cell and when its monomers are used as an energy source?

Refer to the table below, which a student created as a study guide for reviewing similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which statement best evaluates the accuracy of the student's work?

A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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