Question 1

A prokaryotic cell lacks a _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus; membrane-bound organelles 
B)  nucleus; DNA 
C)  nucleus; ribosomes 
D)  cell wall; ribosomes 
E)  cell wall; membrane-bound organelles 
A)  nucleus; membrane-bound organelles 
B)  nucleus; DNA 
C)  nucleus; ribosomes 
D)  cell wall; ribosomes 
E)  cell wall; membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Proteins produced by ribosomes pass through several cellular structures before reaching their targeted destinations.Which sequence represents the structures, in the correct order, that will be encountered by a newly synthesized protein targeted for outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  RER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 lysosome F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
B)  SER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
C)  Nuclear membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10RER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 phagosome F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
D)  SER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
E)  RER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cell membrane 
A)  RER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 lysosome F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
B)  SER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
C)  Nuclear membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10RER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 phagosome F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
D)  SER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cell membrane 
E)  RER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cis-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10medial-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10trans-Golgi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10cell membrane

Question 3

Scientists have uncovered evidence showing that cyanobacteria have been present on Earth over the past 3.5 billion years, yet a single cyanobacterium has a life-span of only a day or two.Which biological principle does this set of observations best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  All organisms present on Earth today share a common ancestor. 
B)  Cells are the fundamental units of life, and all organisms are composed of cells. 
C)  Environmental factors can influence the growth and development of an organism. 
D)  Cells use matter and energy from the environment to maintain the living state, to grow, and to reproduce. 
E)  Life is continuous, with successive generations connected in an unbroken chain of transfer of biological information. 
A)  All organisms present on Earth today share a common ancestor. 
B)  Cells are the fundamental units of life, and all organisms are composed of cells. 
C)  Environmental factors can influence the growth and development of an organism. 
D)  Cells use matter and energy from the environment to maintain the living state, to grow, and to reproduce. 
E)  Life is continuous, with successive generations connected in an unbroken chain of transfer of biological information.

Question 4

The light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas the electron microscope uses _______ to focus electrons for imaging.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The light microscope has glass lenses that...

Question 5

Which is an example that could be used as evidence to support the claim that life is continuous?

Accepted Answer

A)  All living things require an input of matter and energy to survive, grow, and reproduce. 
B)  Genetic testing can reveal information about your ancestors from thousands of years ago. 
C)  Cells from different areas of the human body differ in appearance and function but share fundamental features. 
D)  Living bacteria that have been frozen for many months can resume normal functions when thawed. 
E)  A multicellular animal or plant grows by producing more and more cells through cell division. 
A)  All living things require an input of matter and energy to survive, grow, and reproduce. 
B)  Genetic testing can reveal information about your ancestors from thousands of years ago. 
C)  Cells from different areas of the human body differ in appearance and function but share fundamental features. 
D)  Living bacteria that have been frozen for many months can resume normal functions when thawed. 
E)  A multicellular animal or plant grows by producing more and more cells through cell division.

Question 6

Which statement about microfilaments and microtubules is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are made of the same protein monomers. 
B)  Both are involved in movement of cells. 
C)  Both have a plus end and a minus end. 
D)  Both are components of the cytoskeleton. 
E)  Both help maintain and support cellular structures. 
A)  Both are made of the same protein monomers. 
B)  Both are involved in movement of cells. 
C)  Both have a plus end and a minus end. 
D)  Both are components of the cytoskeleton. 
E)  Both help maintain and support cellular structures.

Question 7

Five statements comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes are given.Which statement provides evidence that supports the claim that all cells share a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the same genetic code. 
B)  There are many examples of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that use flagella for locomotion. 
C)  The DNA present in mitochondria of eukaryotes shares more overlap with prokaryotic DNA than with eukaryotic nuclear DNA. 
D)  Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. 
E)  DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus, and DNA in prokaryotic cells resides in the nucleoid, which is not separated from the cytoplasm. 
A)  Prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the same genetic code. 
B)  There are many examples of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that use flagella for locomotion. 
C)  The DNA present in mitochondria of eukaryotes shares more overlap with prokaryotic DNA than with eukaryotic nuclear DNA. 
D)  Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. 
E)  DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus, and DNA in prokaryotic cells resides in the nucleoid, which is not separated from the cytoplasm.

Question 8

Most plant and animal cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller than a chloroplast. 
B)  smaller than most bacteria. 
C)  larger than most fungal cells. 
D)  large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. 
E)  large enough to be seen with a light microscope. 
A)  smaller than a chloroplast. 
B)  smaller than most bacteria. 
C)  larger than most fungal cells. 
D)  large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. 
E)  large enough to be seen with a light microscope.

Question 9

In the mitochondria, chemical energy present in energy-rich molecules is captured in the phosphate bonds of ATP by a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular respiration. 
B)  metabolism. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  metabolic processing. 
E)  catabolism. 
A)  cellular respiration. 
B)  metabolism. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  metabolic processing. 
E)  catabolism.

Question 10

Plastids are

Accepted Answer

A) present in all eukaryotes. 
B) always green. 
C) only present in photosynthetic prokaryotes. 
D) present in nearly all plant cells. 
E) very similar to mitochondria. 
A) present in all eukaryotes. 
B) always green. 
C) only present in photosynthetic prokaryotes. 
D) present in nearly all plant cells. 
E) very similar to mitochondria.

Question 11

The graph below shows the results of a study using human skin cells grown in culture.Identical cells were grown in culture with or without the proteins laminin or collagen in the substrate of the culture.After a defined period of time, the cell surface areas were measured.   Which statement best provides a conclusion that can be drawn from this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of laminin in the extracellular matrix of human skin cells is essential for cell growth. 
B)  The presence of collagen in the extracellular matrix of human skin cells is essential for cell growth. 
C)  Collagen plus laminin stimulate human skin cell growth to a greater extent than either collagen or laminin alone. 
D)  Low concentrations of collagen alone or laminin alone are much less effective in stimulating human skin cell growth than high concentrations of collagen. 
E)  Combining collagen and laminin is more effective at stimulating human skin cell growth than high concentrations of collagen. 
A)  The presence of laminin in the extracellular matrix of human skin cells is essential for cell growth. 
B)  The presence of collagen in the extracellular matrix of human skin cells is essential for cell growth. 
C)  Collagen plus laminin stimulate human skin cell growth to a greater extent than either collagen or laminin alone. 
D)  Low concentrations of collagen alone or laminin alone are much less effective in stimulating human skin cell growth than high concentrations of collagen. 
E)  Combining collagen and laminin is more effective at stimulating human skin cell growth than high concentrations of collagen.

Question 12

Researchers must use _______ to distinguish the structure of a ribosome from that of a Golgi apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct examination with the naked eye 
B)  a handheld magnifying glass 
C)  a bright-field microscope 
D)  a phase-contrast microscope 
E)  an electron microscope 
A)  direct examination with the naked eye 
B)  a handheld magnifying glass 
C)  a bright-field microscope 
D)  a phase-contrast microscope 
E)  an electron microscope

Question 13

A large organelle that genetically controls a eukaryotic cell's activities is the

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  flagellum. 
D)  vacuole. 
E)  centriole. 
A)  chloroplast. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  flagellum. 
D)  vacuole. 
E)  centriole.

Question 14

According to endosymbiotic theory, which subcellular structures were once independent prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria and lysosomes 
B)  Mitochondria and chloroplasts 
C)  Chloroplasts and peroxisomes 
D)  Golgi apparatus and nucleus 
E)  Nucleus and lysosomes 
A)  Mitochondria and lysosomes 
B)  Mitochondria and chloroplasts 
C)  Chloroplasts and peroxisomes 
D)  Golgi apparatus and nucleus 
E)  Nucleus and lysosomes

Question 15

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can...

Question 16

Mitochondria and plastids are believed to have once been independent organisms because they

Accepted Answer

A)  contain their own DNA. 
B)  have flagella. 
C)  have glyoxysomes. 
D)  make vesicles. 
E)  have nuclei. 
A)  contain their own DNA. 
B)  have flagella. 
C)  have glyoxysomes. 
D)  make vesicles. 
E)  have nuclei.

Question 17

The cell membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  determines onset of cell division. 
B)  regulates movement of substances within the cytoplasm. 
C)  helps maintain a constant internal environment. 
D)  provides useful energy for the cell. 
E)  maintains genetic information within the cell. 
A)  determines onset of cell division. 
B)  regulates movement of substances within the cytoplasm. 
C)  helps maintain a constant internal environment. 
D)  provides useful energy for the cell. 
E)  maintains genetic information within the cell.

Question 18

An unknown animal is discovered preserved in ice.In its cells is an unknown type of cytoskeletal component that is ropelike in structure and has a diameter of 11 nm.How would a scientist classify this component?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microfilament 
B)  Microvilli 
C)  Intermediate filament 
D)  Cilia 
E)  Microtubule 
A)  Microfilament 
B)  Microvilli 
C)  Intermediate filament 
D)  Cilia 
E)  Microtubule

Question 19

Which technique would be best suited to a study of normal cell migration during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct visual observation 
B)  Light microscopy 
C)  Electron microscopy 
D)  Cell fractionation 
E)  Experimentation on mutants 
A)  Direct visual observation 
B)  Light microscopy 
C)  Electron microscopy 
D)  Cell fractionation 
E)  Experimentation on mutants

Question 20

Ribosomes are not found in

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  prokaryotic cells. 
E)  the Golgi apparatus. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  prokaryotic cells. 
E)  the Golgi apparatus.

Exam 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life

A prokaryotic cell lacks a _______ and _______.

Proteins produced by ribosomes pass through several cellular structures before reaching their targeted destinations.Which sequence represents the structures, in the correct order, that will be encountered by a newly synthesized protein targeted for outside the cell?

Scientists have uncovered evidence showing that cyanobacteria have been present on Earth over the past 3.5 billion years, yet a single cyanobacterium has a life-span of only a day or two.Which biological principle does this set of observations best illustrate?

The light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas the electron microscope uses _______ to focus electrons for imaging.

Which is an example that could be used as evidence to support the claim that life is continuous?

Which statement about microfilaments and microtubules is false?

Five statements comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes are given.Which statement provides evidence that supports the claim that all cells share a common ancestor?

Most plant and animal cells are

In the mitochondria, chemical energy present in energy-rich molecules is captured in the phosphate bonds of ATP by a process known as

Plastids are

Researchers must use _______ to distinguish the structure of a ribosome from that of a Golgi apparatus.

A large organelle that genetically controls a eukaryotic cell's activities is the

According to endosymbiotic theory, which subcellular structures were once independent prokaryotic organisms?

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.

Mitochondria and plastids are believed to have once been independent organisms because they

The cell membrane

An unknown animal is discovered preserved in ice.In its cells is an unknown type of cytoskeletal component that is ropelike in structure and has a diameter of 11 nm.How would a scientist classify this component?

Which technique would be best suited to a study of normal cell migration during embryonic development?

Ribosomes are not found in

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

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Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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A prokaryotic cell lacks a _ and _.