Question 1

Which type of cell structure is found in plants but not in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomes 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  Nuclei 
D)  Glyoxysomes 
E)  Lysosomes 
A)  Ribosomes 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  Nuclei 
D)  Glyoxysomes 
E)  Lysosomes

Question 2

Refer to the figure below.   The organelle shown is found in all cells but is most numerous in cells requiring a large amount of energy (e.g., liver cells).This organelle is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion. 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  nucleus. 
D)  vacuole. 
E)  cytoskeleton. 
A)  mitochondrion. 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  nucleus. 
D)  vacuole. 
E)  cytoskeleton.

Question 3

The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of living organisms to maintain...

Question 4

Which statement about a prokaryotic cell wall is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made exclusively of proteins. 
B)  It is located inside the cell membrane. 
C)  It provides a barrier to infection for a cell. 
D)  It is a specialized structure found in most prokaryotes. 
E)  It is a semirigid structure that provides support in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. 
A)  It is made exclusively of proteins. 
B)  It is located inside the cell membrane. 
C)  It provides a barrier to infection for a cell. 
D)  It is a specialized structure found in most prokaryotes. 
E)  It is a semirigid structure that provides support in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Question 5

The extracellular matrix of animal cells

Accepted Answer

A)  is composed of cellulose. 
B)  contains lysosomes. 
C)  limits the cell volume by remaining rigid. 
D)  helps orient cell movements during embryonic development. 
E)  acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi. 
A)  is composed of cellulose. 
B)  contains lysosomes. 
C)  limits the cell volume by remaining rigid. 
D)  helps orient cell movements during embryonic development. 
E)  acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi.

Question 6

Refer to the list below, which summarizes the characteristics that distinguish living things from nonliving things.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Living things take in matter and energy from the environment.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Living things respond to stimuli in the environment.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Living things maintain a stable internal environment, a process called homeostasis.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Living things grow and develop.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Living things reproduce.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Living things pass genetic information from one generation to the next as they reproduce.
If a student were interested in understanding what mechanisms allow living organisms to have these characteristics, would the study of cell biology help her achieve her learning goals? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Yes, the study of cell biology would be

Question 7

The function of the nuclear pores is to

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesize and repair DNA. 
B)  assemble ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus. 
C)  communicate with components of the endomembrane system. 
D)  regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane. 
E)  support the nuclear envelope. 
A)  synthesize and repair DNA. 
B)  assemble ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus. 
C)  communicate with components of the endomembrane system. 
D)  regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane. 
E)  support the nuclear envelope.

Question 8

Why are cells small?

Accepted Answer

Cells are small because they cannot func

Question 9

Some bacteria are not detected by the human immune system because they possess an outer layer of slime known as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some bacteria are not detected by the...

Question 10

_______ are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, in the "pinching" of a cell that ultimately divides an animal cell into two daughter cells, and in the formation of pseudopodia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, in...

Question 11

Which is a role of extracellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information signaling 
B)  Energy metabolism 
C)  Metabolic regulation 
D)  Information storage 
E)  Sorting and packaging 
A)  Information signaling 
B)  Energy metabolism 
C)  Metabolic regulation 
D)  Information storage 
E)  Sorting and packaging

Question 12

Refer to the figure below.   The flowchart can be completed by filling in the unlabeled boxes with the word _______ to identify the structures used to transport proteins both between organelles and to the cell exterior, where they are secreted into the external environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 13

Which function is carried out by the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene regulation 
B)  Energy metabolism 
C)  Information storage 
D)  Active transport 
E)  Protein production 
A)  Gene regulation 
B)  Energy metabolism 
C)  Information storage 
D)  Active transport 
E)  Protein production

Question 14

Which represents the order of the outer layers in some prokaryotes, starting at the interior and moving to the exterior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, capsule 
B)  Cell membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, capsule 
C)  Capsule, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, cell membrane 
D)  Capsule, cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane 
E)  Peptidoglycan cell wall, cell membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, capsule 
A)  Cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, capsule 
B)  Cell membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, capsule 
C)  Capsule, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, cell membrane 
D)  Capsule, cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane 
E)  Peptidoglycan cell wall, cell membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, capsule

Question 15

Scientists have used DNA sequencing data in developing a theory of evolution of cell structures such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, but they have not used this type of data in the same way for developing a theory of evolution of the endomembrane system.Which statement provides a viable reason to explain this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The endomembrane system is more complex in structure than either mitochondria or chloroplasts and therefore requires a different experimental approach for analyzing its origins. 
B)  The endomembrane system likely evolved over a very long time period, whereas mitochondria and chloroplasts likely originated as the result of a small number of events over a much shorter time. 
C)  The endomembrane system is thought to have evolved via folding of the cell membrane and is therefore not like mitochondria and chloroplasts, which contain DNA and likely evolved from prokaryotic cells. 
D)  The endomembrane system evolved before mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved, and any evidence of its evolution that might have been found from DNA sequencing is likely to be gone. 
E)  The endomembrane system is quite extensive, occupying a very large surface area within a single cell, which makes it difficult to use any experimental technique to analyze its evolutionary origins. 
A)  The endomembrane system is more complex in structure than either mitochondria or chloroplasts and therefore requires a different experimental approach for analyzing its origins. 
B)  The endomembrane system likely evolved over a very long time period, whereas mitochondria and chloroplasts likely originated as the result of a small number of events over a much shorter time. 
C)  The endomembrane system is thought to have evolved via folding of the cell membrane and is therefore not like mitochondria and chloroplasts, which contain DNA and likely evolved from prokaryotic cells. 
D)  The endomembrane system evolved before mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved, and any evidence of its evolution that might have been found from DNA sequencing is likely to be gone. 
E)  The endomembrane system is quite extensive, occupying a very large surface area within a single cell, which makes it difficult to use any experimental technique to analyze its evolutionary origins.

Question 16

The three principle tenets of biology-that all organisms are composed of cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life-make up the unifying principle known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three principle tenets of biology-that all...

Question 17

Which action taken by a cell would best allow it to increase its rate of exchange with the environment relative to its amount of chemical activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase its size. 
B)  Engulf another cell. 
C)  Divide into as many small cells as possible. 
D)  Adhere itself to another cell. 
E)  Move around quickly in its environment. 
A)  Increase its size. 
B)  Engulf another cell. 
C)  Divide into as many small cells as possible. 
D)  Adhere itself to another cell. 
E)  Move around quickly in its environment.

Question 18

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins in the cytosol would break down. 
B)  More proteins would be made. 
C)  The DNA in mitochondria would break down. 
D)  The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide. 
E)  There would be no change in cell function. 
A)  Proteins in the cytosol would break down. 
B)  More proteins would be made. 
C)  The DNA in mitochondria would break down. 
D)  The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide. 
E)  There would be no change in cell function.

Question 19

A hospital nurse notices a slick spot on an IV needle and suspects bacterial contamination.Which structure might have helped these bacterial cells attach to one another and stick to the needle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capsule 
B)  Cell wall 
C)  Cytoplasm 
D)  Flagellum 
E)  Ribosome 
A)  Capsule 
B)  Cell wall 
C)  Cytoplasm 
D)  Flagellum 
E)  Ribosome

Question 20

Which microscope part is used in both the electron microscope and the light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light beam 
B)  Magnets 
C)  Specimen stage 
D)  Electron beam 
E)  Fluorescent screen 
A)  Light beam 
B)  Magnets 
C)  Specimen stage 
D)  Electron beam 
E)  Fluorescent screen

Exam 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life

Which type of cell structure is found in plants but not in animals?

Refer to the figure below. The organelle shown is found in all cells but is most numerous in cells requiring a large amount of energy (e.g., liver cells).This organelle is called a(n)

The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as _______.

Which statement about a prokaryotic cell wall is true?

The extracellular matrix of animal cells

The function of the nuclear pores is to

Why are cells small?

Some bacteria are not detected by the human immune system because they possess an outer layer of slime known as a(n) _______.

_______ are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, in the "pinching" of a cell that ultimately divides an animal cell into two daughter cells, and in the formation of pseudopodia.

Which is a role of extracellular structures?

Refer to the figure below. The flowchart can be completed by filling in the unlabeled boxes with the word _______ to identify the structures used to transport proteins both between organelles and to the cell exterior, where they are secreted into the external environment.

Which function is carried out by the cell membrane?

Which represents the order of the outer layers in some prokaryotes, starting at the interior and moving to the exterior?

The three principle tenets of biology-that all organisms are composed of cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life-make up the unifying principle known as the _______.

Which action taken by a cell would best allow it to increase its rate of exchange with the environment relative to its amount of chemical activity?

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?

A hospital nurse notices a slick spot on an IV needle and suspects bacterial contamination.Which structure might have helped these bacterial cells attach to one another and stick to the needle?

Which microscope part is used in both the electron microscope and the light microscope?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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