Question 1

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope. 
B)  Golgi apparatus. 
C)  nucleolus. 
D)  cell membrane. 
E)  mitochondria. 
A)  nuclear envelope. 
B)  Golgi apparatus. 
C)  nucleolus. 
D)  cell membrane. 
E)  mitochondria.

Question 2

The _______ is a specialized structure surrounding the cell wall in some prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome 
B)  cytosol 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  capsule 
E)  chloroplast 
A)  ribosome 
B)  cytosol 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  capsule 
E)  chloroplast

Question 3

A biologist discussing the discovery of horseshoe crab fossils that date to 445 mya mentions that these fossils were the ancestors of horseshoe crabs living today.Which biological principle does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fundamental unit of life is the cell. 
B)  All organisms on Earth share a common ancestor. 
C)  Life is continuous. 
D)  All living organisms are composed of cells. 
E)  Evolution explains the diversity of living organisms on Earth today. 
A)  The fundamental unit of life is the cell. 
B)  All organisms on Earth share a common ancestor. 
C)  Life is continuous. 
D)  All living organisms are composed of cells. 
E)  Evolution explains the diversity of living organisms on Earth today.

Question 4

The _______ is an organelle that functions in energy transformations and consists of a series of flattened sacs stacked somewhat like pancakes or pita bread.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion 
B)  peroxisome 
C)  chloroplast 
D)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  Golgi apparatus 
A)  mitochondrion 
B)  peroxisome 
C)  chloroplast 
D)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  Golgi apparatus

Question 5

In order for an organism to be classified as eukaryotic, it must contain

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  membrane-bound organelles. 
D)  a cell membrane. 
E)  a nucleoid. 
A)  ribosomes. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  membrane-bound organelles. 
D)  a cell membrane. 
E)  a nucleoid.

Question 6

Homogenization of rat liver cells results in the rupture of the cell membranes.Centrifugation of this homogenate compacts some of the homogenate into a pellet in the bottom of the centrifuge tube.Bathing this pellet with a solution containing succinate (a four-carbon organic compound), phosphate ions, oxygen, and ADP yields metabolic activity, including the production of ATP and the uptake of oxygen.This pellet most likely contains

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisomes. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  Golgi apparatus. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  peroxisomes. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  Golgi apparatus. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 7

If the vacuole in a plant cell experiences a large loss of water,

Accepted Answer

A)  the cell will divide to make smaller cells. 
B)  the cell will decrease in size proportionally to the amount of water lost. 
C)  its waste products will be released into the cytoplasm and kill the cell. 
D)  there will be no effect on the cell, because of the rigidity of the cell wall. 
E)  the cell will experience a decrease in turgor pressure. 
A)  the cell will divide to make smaller cells. 
B)  the cell will decrease in size proportionally to the amount of water lost. 
C)  its waste products will be released into the cytoplasm and kill the cell. 
D)  there will be no effect on the cell, because of the rigidity of the cell wall. 
E)  the cell will experience a decrease in turgor pressure.

Question 8

A general function of all cellular membranes is to

Accepted Answer

A)  regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell. 
B)  support the cell and determine its shape. 
C)  produce energy for the cell. 
D)  produce proteins for the cell. 
E)  move the cell. 
A)  regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell. 
B)  support the cell and determine its shape. 
C)  produce energy for the cell. 
D)  produce proteins for the cell. 
E)  move the cell.

Question 9

Which statement is one of the tenets of cell theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells take in energy and matter from the environment. 
B)  Cells are separated from their environment by a cell membrane. 
C)  All cells come from preexisting cells. 
D)  All cells contain mitochondria. 
E)  Cells sustain the living state through chemical transformations. 
A)  All cells take in energy and matter from the environment. 
B)  Cells are separated from their environment by a cell membrane. 
C)  All cells come from preexisting cells. 
D)  All cells contain mitochondria. 
E)  Cells sustain the living state through chemical transformations.

Question 10

Toxic peroxides that are formed unavoidably as side products of important cellular reactions are collected and neutralized primarily in _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Toxic peroxides that are formed unavoidably as...

Question 11

To protect themselves from attack by a host's immune system, some bacteria cover themselves with a specialized structure known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  lamina. 
D)  envelope. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  cell membrane. 
B)  capsule. 
C)  lamina. 
D)  envelope. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

If an amoeba treated with an experimental drug loses its shape and ability to move, the drug has likely affected the cell's

Accepted Answer

A)  motor protein activity. 
B)  ability to transport materials to other cells. 
C)  microfilament assembly. 
D)  ability to photosynthesize. 
E)  communication with the environment. 
A)  motor protein activity. 
B)  ability to transport materials to other cells. 
C)  microfilament assembly. 
D)  ability to photosynthesize. 
E)  communication with the environment.

Question 13

Organisms in Archaea and Bacteria do not typically have cells with membrane-enclosed internal compartments; therefore, these organisms are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms in Archaea and Bacteria do not...

Question 14

In what way do mitochondrial membranes differ from the eukaryotic cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondrial membranes are not selectively permeable and are easily crossed by multiple molecules. 
B)  Mitochondrial membranes are composed of collagen instead of phospholipids. 
C)  Mitochondrial membranes lack protein constituents. 
D)  Mitochondrial membranes are impermeable to molecules moving in or out. 
E)  Mitochondrial membranes contain structural components involved in cellular respiration. 
A)  Mitochondrial membranes are not selectively permeable and are easily crossed by multiple molecules. 
B)  Mitochondrial membranes are composed of collagen instead of phospholipids. 
C)  Mitochondrial membranes lack protein constituents. 
D)  Mitochondrial membranes are impermeable to molecules moving in or out. 
E)  Mitochondrial membranes contain structural components involved in cellular respiration.

Question 15

The _______ is a cell structure with an internal cross section showing a characteristic "9 + 2" morphology.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion 
B)  vacuole 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  cilium 
E)  cytoskeleton 
A)  mitochondrion 
B)  vacuole 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  cilium 
E)  cytoskeleton

Question 16

How might a researcher study the presence of a specific protein in cells from different tissues of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slice cells into thin sections, use electron microscopy to take many images of structures inside the cells, and search for the protein in the images. 
B)  Observe the protein in living cells, using light microscopy techniques that preserve cells in the living state. 
C)  Treat cells with a dye that selectively binds to the protein of interest, and look for evidence of this dye in cells, using light microscopy. 
D)  Use scanning electron microscopy to search for the protein in the three-dimensional surfaces of whole cells. 
E)  Use a general protein stain to treat cells before preparing them for bright-field microscopy, and then search for evidence of this dye in the samples. 
A)  Slice cells into thin sections, use electron microscopy to take many images of structures inside the cells, and search for the protein in the images. 
B)  Observe the protein in living cells, using light microscopy techniques that preserve cells in the living state. 
C)  Treat cells with a dye that selectively binds to the protein of interest, and look for evidence of this dye in cells, using light microscopy. 
D)  Use scanning electron microscopy to search for the protein in the three-dimensional surfaces of whole cells. 
E)  Use a general protein stain to treat cells before preparing them for bright-field microscopy, and then search for evidence of this dye in the samples.

Question 17

Researchers have used several pieces of evidence to support the theory of endosymbiosis.Which characteristic of mitochondria and/or chloroplasts present in modern cells is one of these pieces of evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  When taken out of cells, individual mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot survive on their own. 
B)  Both mitochondria and chloroplasts function in energy metabolism in the cell. 
C)  Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and algae, while mitochondria are found in all eukaryotes. 
D)  Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA that encodes some of the proteins used by the organelles to carry out their biological functions. 
E)  Many proteins used in the internal spaces of mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the organelle membranes. 
A)  When taken out of cells, individual mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot survive on their own. 
B)  Both mitochondria and chloroplasts function in energy metabolism in the cell. 
C)  Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and algae, while mitochondria are found in all eukaryotes. 
D)  Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA that encodes some of the proteins used by the organelles to carry out their biological functions. 
E)  Many proteins used in the internal spaces of mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the organelle membranes.

Question 18

Biologists hypothesize that the protein collagen is both a structural ingredient in bone and a stimulating molecule that induces immature bone cells to develop and produce other ingredients for bone growth.To test this hypothesis, two groups of mice were studied from birth to adulthood.One mouse group was normal, while the other carried a mutation in a gene that controls the synthesis of type I collagen.Panel A in the figure below compares the sizes of the mice in the two groups, and panel B compares their weights.Panel C compares the skeletal features of the two groups, with dark gray representing bone and light gray representing cartilage.   Which statement can be made about the nature of the mutation in the experimental group?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mutation prevents type I collagen synthesis. 
B)  The mutation significantly slows type I collagen synthesis. 
C)  The mutation significantly stimulates type I collagen synthesis. 
D)  The mutation delays the initiation of type I collagen synthesis until late in development. 
E)  The mutation initiates type I collagen synthesis much earlier than normal. 
A)  The mutation prevents type I collagen synthesis. 
B)  The mutation significantly slows type I collagen synthesis. 
C)  The mutation significantly stimulates type I collagen synthesis. 
D)  The mutation delays the initiation of type I collagen synthesis until late in development. 
E)  The mutation initiates type I collagen synthesis much earlier than normal.

Question 19

If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would

Accepted Answer

A)  no longer be able to swim. 
B)  lose some of its ability to adhere to other cells. 
C)  no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. 
D)  dry out. 
E)  change its shape. 
A)  no longer be able to swim. 
B)  lose some of its ability to adhere to other cells. 
C)  no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. 
D)  dry out. 
E)  change its shape.

Question 20

Refer to the figure below.   Which word identifies the functional role of the extracellular matrix in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degradation 
B)  Reproduction 
C)  Metabolism 
D)  Division 
E)  Adhesion 
A)  Degradation 
B)  Reproduction 
C)  Metabolism 
D)  Division 
E)  Adhesion

Exam 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

The _______ is a specialized structure surrounding the cell wall in some prokaryotes.

A biologist discussing the discovery of horseshoe crab fossils that date to 445 mya mentions that these fossils were the ancestors of horseshoe crabs living today.Which biological principle does this illustrate?

The _______ is an organelle that functions in energy transformations and consists of a series of flattened sacs stacked somewhat like pancakes or pita bread.

In order for an organism to be classified as eukaryotic, it must contain

If the vacuole in a plant cell experiences a large loss of water,

A general function of all cellular membranes is to

Which statement is one of the tenets of cell theory?

Toxic peroxides that are formed unavoidably as side products of important cellular reactions are collected and neutralized primarily in _______.

To protect themselves from attack by a host's immune system, some bacteria cover themselves with a specialized structure known as a(n)

If an amoeba treated with an experimental drug loses its shape and ability to move, the drug has likely affected the cell's

Organisms in Archaea and Bacteria do not typically have cells with membrane-enclosed internal compartments; therefore, these organisms are known as _______.

In what way do mitochondrial membranes differ from the eukaryotic cell membrane?

The _______ is a cell structure with an internal cross section showing a characteristic "9 + 2" morphology.

How might a researcher study the presence of a specific protein in cells from different tissues of the body?

Researchers have used several pieces of evidence to support the theory of endosymbiosis.Which characteristic of mitochondria and/or chloroplasts present in modern cells is one of these pieces of evidence?

If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would

Refer to the figure below. Which word identifies the functional role of the extracellular matrix in the figure?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters