Exam 5: Learning Concepts to Improve Performance: Part A

The principle of contingent reinforcement states that the reinforcer must be administered only if the desired behavior is performed.

If the result of a behavior in terms of goal accomplishment is negative,it is called consequence.

When an unpleasant event is removed contingent upon behavior,punishment has occurred.

A case of reinforcement is the relationship between a behavior and the preceding and following environmental events that influence that behavior.

For learning to occur,one must decide to think differently,but behavioral change is not required.

Social learning theory has five dimensions: symbolizing,forethought,vicarious learning,cognition,and self-control.

The principle of reinforcement deprivation states that the more an individual is deprived of the reinforcer,the greater effect it will have on the future occurrence of the desired behavior.

Desirable work behaviors contribute to achievement of organizational goals;conversely,undesirable work behaviors hinder achievement of these goals.

The effectiveness of punishment through the short-term decrease of undesirable employee behavior usually is not continually used by managers,because it is uncomfortable for managers to use punishment.

Negative effects of punishment include recurrence of the undesirable behavior,aggressive,disruptive behavior,and apathetic,noncreative performance.

Continuous reinforcement means that the behavior is reinforced each time it occurs and is the simplest schedule of reinforcement.

Managers should understand that a reward will always act as a reinforcer.

After a punishment,a manager should follow up by leaving the employee to think about correcting his behavior.

Managers using reinforcement to encourage the learning and performance of desired behaviors do not need a schedule for applying reinforcers.

Leaders use extinction to reduce undesirable employee behaviors that prevent achievement of organizational goals.

According to the principle of contingent reinforcement,a reinforcer loses effectiveness if it is administered when the desired behavior has not been performed.

Paying employees on a piece-rate system is an example of variable interval schedule reinforcement.

Interval reinforcement is the simplest schedule of reinforcement.

If a reward decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows,it is considered a demotivator whether the manager intended it to be one or not.

According to the Ethics Competency: Time Off for Bad Behavior,Samuel Waksal did not have an alcohol addiction,but entered the counseling program for alcohol addiction anyway to get out of prison early.