Question 1

What type of particle is an electron? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  lepton 
B)  meson 
C)  baryon 
D)  nucleon 
E)  hadron 
A)  lepton 
B)  meson 
C)  baryon 
D)  nucleon 
E)  hadron A

Question 2

Given that the reaction n + π+ → p can occur and that the quark composition of the neutron is udd and that of the proton is uud, what must be the quark composition of the π+ meson?

Accepted Answer

A)  u   
B)    d 
C)  d   
D)  u   
E)    d
  
A)  u   
B)    d 
C)  d   
D)  u   
E)    d
  D

Question 3

Suppose you were to try to create a proton-antiproton pair by annihilation of two very high-energy gamma rays of the same wavelength heading toward each other. The proton and the anti-proton have the same masses, but opposite charges. What would be the minimum energy needed for each photon? (e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg, c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.022 MeV 
B)  12.2 MeV 
C)  1880 MeV 
D)  939 MeV 
E)  223 MeV 
A)  1.022 MeV 
B)  12.2 MeV 
C)  1880 MeV 
D)  939 MeV 
E)  223 MeV D

Question 4

Composite particles that are composed of a quark and antiquark pair are called

Accepted Answer

A)  leptons. 
B)  hadrons. 
C)  mesons. 
D)  nucleons. 
E)  baryons. 
A)  leptons. 
B)  hadrons. 
C)  mesons. 
D)  nucleons. 
E)  baryons.

Question 5

Which of the following particles are made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleons 
B)  hadrons 
C)  neutrinos 
D)  muons 
E)  mesons 
A)  nucleons 
B)  hadrons 
C)  neutrinos 
D)  muons 
E)  mesons

Question 6

A deuteron has the same charge as a proton but approximately twice the proton mass. Suppose deuterons are being accelerated in a cyclotron in an orbit of radius 75 cm at a frequency of 8.0 MHz. What magnetic field magnitude is needed? (e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Accepted Answer

A)  0.011 T 
B)  0.11 T 
C)  1.1 T 
D)  11 T 
E)  110 T 
A)  0.011 T 
B)  0.11 T 
C)  1.1 T 
D)  11 T 
E)  110 T

Question 7

Is the decay Σ+ → p + π+ allowed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because it conserves energy. 
B)  No, because charge is not conserved. 
C)  No, because mass is created. 
D)  No, because lepton number is not conserved. 
A)  Yes, because it conserves energy. 
B)  No, because charge is not conserved. 
C)  No, because mass is created. 
D)  No, because lepton number is not conserved.

Question 8

The voltage across the dees of a cyclotron is 30,000 V. How many revolutions do the protons go through in reaching a kinetic energy of 21 MeV? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.0 million 
B)  1400 
C)  700 
D)  350 
E)  35 
A)  2.0 million 
B)  1400 
C)  700 
D)  350 
E)  35

Question 9

A galaxy is observed receding from Earth with a speed of 9800 km/s. A redshifted spectral line originating in the galaxy is compared to the same spectral line originating in the laboratory. If Hubble's law is valid for this galaxy, what is the ratio of the wavelength of the redshifted line to that of the unshifted line if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.033 
B)  1.052 
C)  1.072 
D)  1.091 
E)  1.130 
A)  1.033 
B)  1.052 
C)  1.072 
D)  1.091 
E)  1.130

Question 10

Which of the following particles is NOT made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  π-meson 
E)  neutrino 
A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  π-meson 
E)  neutrino

Question 11

Which one of the following processes CANNOT occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  π+ → μ+ + vμ 
B)  π0 → 2γ 
C)  π+ + p → K+ + Σ+ 
D)  π- + p → n + γ 
E)  Σ- → π- + p 
A)  π+ → μ+ + vμ 
B)  π0 → 2γ 
C)  π+ + p → K+ + Σ+ 
D)  π- + p → n + γ 
E)  Σ- → π- + p

Question 12

A distant galaxy is emitting light from the helium spectrum at 388.9 nm. On Earth the wavelength of the light from this galaxy is measured to be 540.6 nm. Estimate how far from Earth (in light-years) this galaxy is if the Hubble constant has the value 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

Question 13

If the Hubble constant is 25 km/s per million light-years, use it to estimate the age of the universe? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  10 Gy 
B)  12 Gy 
C)  15 Gy 
D)  20 Gy 
E)  25 Gy 
A)  10 Gy 
B)  12 Gy 
C)  15 Gy 
D)  20 Gy 
E)  25 Gy

Question 14

The decay n → p+ + e- + γ does not occur because it would violate conservation of

Accepted Answer

A)  baryon number. 
B)  lepton number. 
C)  charge. 
D)  energy. 
A)  baryon number. 
B)  lepton number. 
C)  charge. 
D)  energy.

Question 15

If a galaxy is receding from us at 0.10c. Use Hubble's law to estimate the distance to this galaxy if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.4 × 109 ly 
B)  6.6 × 105 ly 
C)  6.6 × 105 Mly 
D)  2.2 Mly 
E)  1.4 × 107 Mly 
A)  1.4 × 109 ly 
B)  6.6 × 105 ly 
C)  6.6 × 105 Mly 
D)  2.2 Mly 
E)  1.4 × 107 Mly

Question 16

If a galaxy is moving away from us at 1.0% of the speed of light, use Hubble's law to estimate how far away it is from us if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  14 ly 
B)  140 ly 
C)  140 thousand ly 
D)  140 million ly 
E)  140 billion ly 
A)  14 ly 
B)  140 ly 
C)  140 thousand ly 
D)  140 million ly 
E)  140 billion ly

Question 17

What type of particle is a proton? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  lepton 
B)  meson 
C)  baryon 
D)  nucleon 
E)  hadron 
A)  lepton 
B)  meson 
C)  baryon 
D)  nucleon 
E)  hadron

Question 18

Consider the decay π+ → μ+ + γ. This decay is

Accepted Answer

A)  allowed. 
B)  forbidden because conservation of energy is violated. 
C)  forbidden because conservation of baryon number is violated. 
D)  forbidden because conservation of mass is violated. 
E)  forbidden because conservation of lepton numbers is violated. 
A)  allowed. 
B)  forbidden because conservation of energy is violated. 
C)  forbidden because conservation of baryon number is violated. 
D)  forbidden because conservation of mass is violated. 
E)  forbidden because conservation of lepton numbers is violated.

Question 19

A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m accelerates nonrelativistic protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field. What is the kinetic energy of the protons when they leave the cyclotron? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Accepted Answer

A)  3.7 MeV 
B)  7.8 keV 
C)  8.7 keV 
D)  7.8 MeV 
E)  8.7 MeV 
A)  3.7 MeV 
B)  7.8 keV 
C)  8.7 keV 
D)  7.8 MeV 
E)  8.7 MeV

Question 20

Redshift measurements on a galaxy show that it is receding from us with a velocity of 7240 km/s. Estimate how far away the galaxy is if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  3.1 × 1024 m 
B)  1.2 × 1026 m 
C)  1.2 × 1024 m 
D)  4.1 × 1023 m 
E)  2.0 × 1022 m 
A)  3.1 × 1024 m 
B)  1.2 × 1026 m 
C)  1.2 × 1024 m 
D)  4.1 × 1023 m 
E)  2.0 × 1022 m

Exam 43: Particle Physics and Cosmology

What type of particle is an electron? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Given that the reaction n + π+ → p can occur and that the quark composition of the neutron is udd and that of the proton is uud, what must be the quark composition of the π+ meson?

Composite particles that are composed of a quark and antiquark pair are called

Which of the following particles are made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

A deuteron has the same charge as a proton but approximately twice the proton mass. Suppose deuterons are being accelerated in a cyclotron in an orbit of radius 75 cm at a frequency of 8.0 MHz. What magnetic field magnitude is needed? (e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Is the decay Σ+ → p + π+ allowed?

The voltage across the dees of a cyclotron is 30,000 V. How many revolutions do the protons go through in reaching a kinetic energy of 21 MeV? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Which of the following particles is NOT made up of quarks? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Which one of the following processes CANNOT occur?

If the Hubble constant is 25 km/s per million light-years, use it to estimate the age of the universe? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

The decay n → p+ + e- + γ does not occur because it would violate conservation of

If a galaxy is receding from us at 0.10c. Use Hubble's law to estimate the distance to this galaxy if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

If a galaxy is moving away from us at 1.0% of the speed of light, use Hubble's law to estimate how far away it is from us if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

What type of particle is a proton? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Consider the decay π+ → μ+ + γ. This decay is

A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m accelerates nonrelativistic protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field. What is the kinetic energy of the protons when they leave the cyclotron? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Redshift measurements on a galaxy show that it is receding from us with a velocity of 7240 km/s. Estimate how far away the galaxy is if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 1015 m, 1 y = 3.156 × 107 s)

Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors

Motion Along a Straight Line

Motion in Two or Three Dimensions

Newtons Laws of Motion

Applying Newtons Laws

Work and Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy and Energy Conservation

Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions

Rotation of Rigid Bodies

Equilibrium and Elasticity

Fluid Mechanics

Gravitation

Periodic Motion

Mechanical Waves

Sound and Hearing

Temperature and Heat

Thermal Properties of Matter

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Electric Charge and Electric Field

Gausss Law

Electric Potential

Capacitance and Dielectrics

Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force

Direct-Current Circuits

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces

Sources of Magnetic Field

Electromagnetic Induction

Inductance

Alternating Current

Electromagnetic Waves

The Nature and Propagation of Light

Geometric Optics

Interference

Diffraction

Relativity

Photons: Light Waves Behaving As Particles

Particles Behaving As Waves

Quantum Mechanics

Atomic Structure

Molecules and Condensed Matter

Nuclear Physics

Filters

Given that the reaction n + π⁺ → p can occur and that the quark composition of the neutron is udd and that of the proton is uud, what must be the quark composition of the π+ meson?

A deuteron has the same charge as a proton but approximately twice the proton mass. Suppose deuterons are being accelerated in a cyclotron in an orbit of radius 75 cm at a frequency of 8.0 MHz. What magnetic field magnitude is needed? (e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C, ^mproton = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg)

The voltage across the dees of a cyclotron is 30,000 V. How many revolutions do the protons go through in reaching a kinetic energy of 21 MeV? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C, ^mproton = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg)

If the Hubble constant is 25 km/s per million light-years, use it to estimate the age of the universe? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m, 1 y = 3.156 × 10⁷ s)

The decay n → p⁺ + e^-+ γ does not occur because it would violate conservation of

If a galaxy is receding from us at 0.10c. Use Hubble's law to estimate the distance to this galaxy if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 10⁸m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m, 1 y = 3.156 × 10⁷ s)

If a galaxy is moving away from us at 1.0% of the speed of light, use Hubble's law to estimate how far away it is from us if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m, 1 y = 3.156 × 10⁷ s)

Consider the decay π⁺ → μ⁺ + γ. This decay is

A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m accelerates nonrelativistic protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field. What is the kinetic energy of the protons when they leave the cyclotron? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J, e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C, ^mproton = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg)

Redshift measurements on a galaxy show that it is receding from us with a velocity of 7240 km/s. Estimate how far away the galaxy is if the Hubble constant is 22 km/s per million light-years. (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, 1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m, 1 y = 3.156 × 10⁷ s)