Exam 12: Section 1: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. For engineering students who believe their efforts will lead to better teaching, the motivation to fill out a teaching evaluation would have a___________ .

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can

Identify the four things that the basic model of work motivation suggests managers can use to motivate employees. Explain how each of these strategies might be used to motivate a 55-year-old tenured professor whose teaching performance has become very weak over the past three years. Briefly explain the relevance of the industrial psychology formulation of the relationship between performance and motivation to the analysis you provide. Be sure to clarify any assumptions that you are making.

Punishment is also called avoidance learning.

Although both Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and the advent of professional women's sporting leagues have led to dramatic increases in opportunities for women in sports significant discrepancies still exist between men's and women's sports. For example, women receive less media coverage, promotion, and institutional support. According to equity theory, media coverage, access, promotion, and institutional support are all examples of undesirable ____________ for female athletes.

A sales manager has carefully selected the members of two sales teams so that they have, as nearly as possible, identical skills and abilities. Both are assigned potential customers in the same industry. Both groups are offered the same rewards. One team makes the sale, and the other does not. This information tells you tha____________t .

France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. So when the French government waged a war against smoking, it set as its___________to reduce smoking by 30 percent by the end of the decade.

Currently the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) pays Olympic athletes $25,000 for each gold medal, $15,000 for a silver medal, and $10,000 for a bronze medal. The USOC pays disabled athletes only 10 percent of what the Olympic athletes are paid. Paralympic athletes are angry at being treated unfairly. What kind of inequity are the Paralympic athletes experiencing?

According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, people are motivated by a need for power, achievement, and affiliation.

Briefly explain the relationship between need satisfaction and motivation.

According to Don Vlcek, a former Domino's Pizza vice president, "To achieve results, you've got to properly define the goal-and that's not always easy. Vague goals are worthless. But 'increase productivity by 12 percent within three weeks'-that is a clear, useful goal." Vlcek is discussing__________ .

The primary ways to create reinforcement contingencies in organizations are___________ .

___________are the cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences.

In a(n)___________ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.

For workers to truly accept organizational goals, the workers must__________ .

According to the motivational model presented in the text, perceived inequity directly affects___________ .

The number of people who play high-stakes poker is increasing as a result of a number of cable television shows featuring professional poker players vying for $100,000 pots. In terms of reinforcement theory, what kind of a reinforcement schedule motivates the behavior of these card players?

Both negative reinforcement and punishment weaken behavior (i.e., decrease its frequency).

For punishment to work (i.e., to weaken the frequency of undesirable behaviors without creating a backlash), the punishment must be strong enough to stop the undesired behavior and must be administered___________ .

A group of actors gather to read the critical reviews of the new play they presented to audiences last night. The actors are looking for____________ rewards.