Question 1

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins. 
B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. 
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 
D) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by decreasing the number of aquaporins. 
E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid. 
A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins. 
B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. 
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 
D) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by decreasing the number of aquaporins. 
E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

Question 2

The condition called ________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination.This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.

Accepted Answer

A) incontinence 
B) dysuria 
C) pyelonephritis 
D) renal calculi 
E) urinary retention 
A) incontinence 
B) dysuria 
C) pyelonephritis 
D) renal calculi 
E) urinary retention

Question 3

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

Accepted Answer

A) urogram. 
B) renogram. 
C) nephrograph. 
D) pyelogram. 
E) pelvigram. 
A) urogram. 
B) renogram. 
C) nephrograph. 
D) pyelogram. 
E) pelvigram.

Question 4

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Accepted Answer

A) nephron loop. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) collecting loop. 
E) minor calyx. 
A) nephron loop. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) collecting loop. 
E) minor calyx.

Question 5

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs. 
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate. 
C) increase cardiac output. 
D) stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction. 
E) increase systemic blood pressure. 
A) produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs. 
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate. 
C) increase cardiac output. 
D) stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction. 
E) increase systemic blood pressure.

Question 6

Peristaltic contractions,beginning at the renal pelvis,sweep along the ureter,forcing urine toward the urinary bladder.In a normal,healthy person,how often do these contractions occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 12-15 times a minute 
B) every 30 seconds or so 
C) once every minute 
D) every 2 minutes 
E) It is not known how often these contractions occur. 
A) 12-15 times a minute 
B) every 30 seconds or so 
C) once every minute 
D) every 2 minutes 
E) It is not known how often these contractions occur.

Question 7

Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production?

Accepted Answer

A) juxtamedullary nephrons 
B) cortical nephrons 
C) medullary nephrons 
D) pyramidal nephrons 
E) pelvic nephrons 
A) juxtamedullary nephrons 
B) cortical nephrons 
C) medullary nephrons 
D) pyramidal nephrons 
E) pelvic nephrons

Question 8

Briefly explain the difference between chronic and acute renal failure.

Accepted Answer

A) Chronic renal failure is a sudden loss of renal function,whereas acute renal failure is a gradual loss of renal function. 
B) Chronic renal failure is a gradual loss of renal function,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss of renal function. 
C) Chronic renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to concentrate urine,whereas acute renal failure is a gradual loss in the ability to concentrate urine. 
D) Chronic renal failure is a gradual loss in the ability to concentrate urine,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to concentrate urine. 
E) Chronic renal failure is the gradual loss in the ability to reabsorb glucose,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to reabsorb glucose. 
A) Chronic renal failure is a sudden loss of renal function,whereas acute renal failure is a gradual loss of renal function. 
B) Chronic renal failure is a gradual loss of renal function,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss of renal function. 
C) Chronic renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to concentrate urine,whereas acute renal failure is a gradual loss in the ability to concentrate urine. 
D) Chronic renal failure is a gradual loss in the ability to concentrate urine,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to concentrate urine. 
E) Chronic renal failure is the gradual loss in the ability to reabsorb glucose,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to reabsorb glucose.

Question 9

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

Accepted Answer

A) vasa recta 
B) lamina propria 
C) trigone 
D) renal corpuscle 
E) glomerulus 
A) vasa recta 
B) lamina propria 
C) trigone 
D) renal corpuscle 
E) glomerulus

Question 10

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A) stratified squamous 
B) pseudostratified columnar 
C) simple cuboidal 
D) transitional 
E) simple columnar 
A) stratified squamous 
B) pseudostratified columnar 
C) simple cuboidal 
D) transitional 
E) simple columnar

Question 11

List each organ of the urinary system and concisely describe its function.

Accepted Answer

Consisting of the kidneys,ureters,urinar

Question 12

Urine is transported by the ________,stored within the ________,and eliminated through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) urethra; urinary bladder; ureters 
B) ureters; urinary bladder; urethra 
C) urinary bladder; ureters; urethra 
D) urethra; ureters; urinary bladder 
E) ureters; urethra; urinary bladder 
A) urethra; urinary bladder; ureters 
B) ureters; urinary bladder; urethra 
C) urinary bladder; ureters; urethra 
D) urethra; ureters; urinary bladder 
E) ureters; urethra; urinary bladder

Question 13

Define countercurrent multiplication as it occurs in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in opposite directions. 
B) The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in the same directions. 
C) The cycling of urea from the collecting duct to the nephron loop and back. 
D) The bulk reabsorption of substances in the proximal convoluted tubule and the bulk movement of water due to osmosis. 
E) The secretion of ions in response to hormones in the distal convoluted tubule. 
A) The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in opposite directions. 
B) The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in the same directions. 
C) The cycling of urea from the collecting duct to the nephron loop and back. 
D) The bulk reabsorption of substances in the proximal convoluted tubule and the bulk movement of water due to osmosis. 
E) The secretion of ions in response to hormones in the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 14

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

Accepted Answer

A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the distal convoluted tubule. 
C) the collecting duct. 
D) the nephron loop. 
E) both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. 
A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the distal convoluted tubule. 
C) the collecting duct. 
D) the nephron loop. 
E) both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

Question 15

During the micturition reflex,

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the lumbar spinal cord. 
B) sympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. 
C) the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
D) the external sphincter is unconsciously relaxed. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the lumbar spinal cord. 
B) sympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. 
C) the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
D) the external sphincter is unconsciously relaxed. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

Discuss the changes in urinary output and possible causes of polyuria.

Accepted Answer

Polyuria is the production of

Question 17

Physicians often ask for urine samples collected over a 24-hour period,rather than a single sample.Why?

Accepted Answer

Often the information needed for a diagn

Question 18

What does the juxtaglomerular complex do in response to decreased filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases aldosterone production and release. 
B) It increases ADH production and release. 
C) It decreases ADH production and release. 
D) It increases renin production and release. 
E) It decreases renin production and release. 
A) It increases aldosterone production and release. 
B) It increases ADH production and release. 
C) It decreases ADH production and release. 
D) It increases renin production and release. 
E) It decreases renin production and release.

Question 19

The ability to consciously control urination depends on your ability to control which muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) detrusor 
B) internal urethral sphincter 
C) external urethral sphincter 
D) trigone 
E) bulbospongiosus 
A) detrusor 
B) internal urethral sphincter 
C) external urethral sphincter 
D) trigone 
E) bulbospongiosus

Question 20

Explain why blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries than in other systemic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the efferent arteriole drains into peritubular capillaries. 
B) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the distal convoluted tubule constricts the afferent arteriole. 
C) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the kidneys are in close proximity to the renal arteries. 
D) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because less proteins enter the afferent arterioles. 
E) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole. 
A) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the efferent arteriole drains into peritubular capillaries. 
B) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the distal convoluted tubule constricts the afferent arteriole. 
C) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the kidneys are in close proximity to the renal arteries. 
D) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because less proteins enter the afferent arterioles. 
E) Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole.

Exam 24: The Urinary System

Antidiuretic hormone

The condition called ________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination.This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

Peristaltic contractions,beginning at the renal pelvis,sweep along the ureter,forcing urine toward the urinary bladder.In a normal,healthy person,how often do these contractions occur?

Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production?

Briefly explain the difference between chronic and acute renal failure.

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

List each organ of the urinary system and concisely describe its function.

Urine is transported by the ________,stored within the ________,and eliminated through the ________.

Define countercurrent multiplication as it occurs in the kidneys.

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

During the micturition reflex,

Discuss the changes in urinary output and possible causes of polyuria.

Physicians often ask for urine samples collected over a 24-hour period,rather than a single sample.Why?

What does the juxtaglomerular complex do in response to decreased filtration pressure?

The ability to consciously control urination depends on your ability to control which muscle?

Explain why blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries than in other systemic capillaries.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Urine is transported by the ,stored within the ,and eliminated through the .