Question 1

What is the main way that marine teleost fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater?

Accepted Answer

A) by active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells 
B) by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
C) by excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads 
D) by active transport of ions into the body through the gills 
A) by active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells 
B) by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
C) by excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads 
D) by active transport of ions into the body through the gills

Question 2

Which structure generally traps water because it does NOT have aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

A) the proximal convoluted tubule 
B) the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
C) the distal convoluted tubule 
D) the Bowman's capsule 
A) the proximal convoluted tubule 
B) the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
C) the distal convoluted tubule 
D) the Bowman's capsule

Question 3

What is typical osmolarity of body fluids in most marine invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) about 1500 mOsm/L 
B) about 1000 mOsm/L 
C) about 225 mOsm/L 
D) about 5 mOsm/L 
A) about 1500 mOsm/L 
B) about 1000 mOsm/L 
C) about 225 mOsm/L 
D) about 5 mOsm/L

Question 4

Which term refers to the state in which the body temperature increases a few degrees above normal for a prolonged period?

Accepted Answer

A) thermal acclimatization 
B) estivation 
C) hypothermia 
D) hyperthermia 
A) thermal acclimatization 
B) estivation 
C) hypothermia 
D) hyperthermia

Question 5

At what location does the filtrate leave the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) peritubular capillaries 
B) afferent arteriole 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) glomerulus 
A) peritubular capillaries 
B) afferent arteriole 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) glomerulus

Question 6

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-site of over half of the water reabsorption from the filtrate

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 7

Where are nephrons found?

Accepted Answer

A) in mammals 
B) in insects 
C) in flatworms 
D) in annelids 
A) in mammals 
B) in insects 
C) in flatworms 
D) in annelids

Question 8

In which group are protonephridia found?

Accepted Answer

A) in mammals 
B) in annelids 
C) in insects 
D) in flatworms 
A) in mammals 
B) in annelids 
C) in insects 
D) in flatworms

Question 9

In mammals, which of the following excretory tubule segments consumes the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) the Bowman's capsule 
B) the proximal convoluted tubule 
C) the distal convoluted tubule 
D) the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
A) the Bowman's capsule 
B) the proximal convoluted tubule 
C) the distal convoluted tubule 
D) the ascending segment of the loop of Henle

Question 10

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste released by aquatic invertebrates to their environment?

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) ammonia 
C) nitrate 
D) uric acid 
A) urea 
B) ammonia 
C) nitrate 
D) uric acid

Question 11

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-empties into a collecting duct

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

Which term refers to the selective movement of specific small molecules and ions into excretory system tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) release 
B) secretion 
C) reabsorption 
D) filtration 
A) release 
B) secretion 
C) reabsorption 
D) filtration

Question 13

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste that is excreted from Malpighian tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) uric acid 
C) ammonia 
D) nitrate 
A) urea 
B) uric acid 
C) ammonia 
D) nitrate

Question 14

At what location do the molecules and ions that are reabsorbed from the nephron re-enter the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) at the renal artery 
B) at the afferent arteriole 
C) at the efferent arteriole 
D) at the peritubular capillaries 
A) at the renal artery 
B) at the afferent arteriole 
C) at the efferent arteriole 
D) at the peritubular capillaries

Question 15

Which structures are characterized by its smallest branches ending with a large flame cell?

Accepted Answer

A) hepatic tubules 
B) nephrons 
C) Malpighian tubules 
D) protonephridia 
A) hepatic tubules 
B) nephrons 
C) Malpighian tubules 
D) protonephridia

Question 16

What is the name of the tubules that make up the relatively simple excretory system used by flatworms?

Accepted Answer

A) Malpighian tubules 
B) nephrons 
C) metanephridia 
D) protonephridia 
A) Malpighian tubules 
B) nephrons 
C) metanephridia 
D) protonephridia

Question 17

What is typical osmolarity of body fluids in most freshwater invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) about 225 mOsm/L 
B) about 300 mOsm/L 
C) about 1000 mOsm/L 
D) about 1500 mOsm/L 
A) about 225 mOsm/L 
B) about 300 mOsm/L 
C) about 1000 mOsm/L 
D) about 1500 mOsm/L

Question 18

Where are metanephridia found?

Accepted Answer

A) in mammals 
B) in flatworms 
C) in insects 
D) in annelids 
A) in mammals 
B) in flatworms 
C) in insects 
D) in annelids

Question 19

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-Na+ and Cl- actively transported out here, but water and urea are not moved across the membrane

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

Which sentence describes how the metabolic rate of an endotherm compares with the metabolic rate of an ectotherm as the environment gets colder?

Accepted Answer

A) The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes up. 
B) The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
C) The metabolic rate of an endotherm goes up, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
D) The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes up, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes down. 
A) The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes up. 
B) The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
C) The metabolic rate of an endotherm goes up, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
D) The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes up, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes down.

Exam 50: Regulating the Internal Environment

What is the main way that marine teleost fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater?

Which structure generally traps water because it does NOT have aquaporins?

What is typical osmolarity of body fluids in most marine invertebrates?

Which term refers to the state in which the body temperature increases a few degrees above normal for a prolonged period?

At what location does the filtrate leave the blood?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -site of over half of the water reabsorption from the filtrate

Where are nephrons found?

In which group are protonephridia found?

In mammals, which of the following excretory tubule segments consumes the most ATP?

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste released by aquatic invertebrates to their environment?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -empties into a collecting duct

Which term refers to the selective movement of specific small molecules and ions into excretory system tubules?

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste that is excreted from Malpighian tubules?

At what location do the molecules and ions that are reabsorbed from the nephron re-enter the blood?

Which structures are characterized by its smallest branches ending with a large flame cell?

What is the name of the tubules that make up the relatively simple excretory system used by flatworms?

What is typical osmolarity of body fluids in most freshwater invertebrates?

Where are metanephridia found?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -Na+ and Cl- actively transported out here, but water and urea are not moved across the membrane

Which sentence describes how the metabolic rate of an endotherm compares with the metabolic rate of an ectotherm as the environment gets colder?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -Na⁺ and Cl- actively transported out here, but water and urea are not moved across the membrane