Question 1

Describe three adaptations that enhance the function of a respiratory surface.

Accepted Answer

Gas diffusion can be enhanced across a r

Question 2

CO2 and H2O are converted to HCO3- and H+ in the blood of the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Through what process is O2 transported into the blood from air in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) active transport 
B) osmosis 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) simple diffusion 
A) active transport 
B) osmosis 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) simple diffusion

Question 4

Which respiratory control centres are most sensitive to changes in CO2?

Accepted Answer

A) the receptors of the cortex 
B) the aortic bodies 
C) the carotid bodies 
D) the receptors of the medulla 
A) the receptors of the cortex 
B) the aortic bodies 
C) the carotid bodies 
D) the receptors of the medulla

Question 5

Why is it important that CO2 be rapidly removed from the cells of animals?

Accepted Answer

A) because high cellular CO2 affects cellular respiration 
B) because high cellular CO2 is a narcotic poison 
C) because CO2 damages nerve function 
D) because CO2 damages muscle function 
A) because high cellular CO2 affects cellular respiration 
B) because high cellular CO2 is a narcotic poison 
C) because CO2 damages nerve function 
D) because CO2 damages muscle function

Question 6

Which of the following encourages the movement of water over gills?

Accepted Answer

A) beating cilia 
B) a fish swimming with its mouth closed 
C) the diaphragm contracting 
D) a muscular tail contracting 
A) beating cilia 
B) a fish swimming with its mouth closed 
C) the diaphragm contracting 
D) a muscular tail contracting

Question 7

Which animals use air sacs to ventilate their lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) reptiles 
B) horses 
C) birds 
D) frogs 
A) reptiles 
B) horses 
C) birds 
D) frogs

Question 8

Alveoli are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a respiratory surface?

Accepted Answer

A) fish fins 
B) human nose 
C) reptilian skin 
D) human lungs 
A) fish fins 
B) human nose 
C) reptilian skin 
D) human lungs

Question 10

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

Accepted Answer

A) It sustains an optimal thermal environment for gas exchange. 
B) It optimizes perfusion to the respiratory surface. 
C) It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient. 
D) It optimizes delivery of the respiratory medium to the respiratory surface. 
A) It sustains an optimal thermal environment for gas exchange. 
B) It optimizes perfusion to the respiratory surface. 
C) It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient. 
D) It optimizes delivery of the respiratory medium to the respiratory surface.

Question 11

Match each term with its description.
-breathing

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 12

Match each term with its description.
-cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 13

Which of the following occurs during human inhalation?

Accepted Answer

A) The diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostal muscles relax. 
B) The diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostal muscles contract. 
C) The diaphragm contracts and the external intercostal muscles relax. 
D) The diaphragm contracts and the external intercostal muscles contract. 
A) The diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostal muscles relax. 
B) The diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostal muscles contract. 
C) The diaphragm contracts and the external intercostal muscles relax. 
D) The diaphragm contracts and the external intercostal muscles contract.

Question 14

Which term refers to the respiratory surfaces of mammalian lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) bronchioles 
B) air sacs 
C) bronchi 
D) alveoli 
A) bronchioles 
B) air sacs 
C) bronchi 
D) alveoli

Question 15

Match each term with its description.
-inhalation

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 16

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves up into the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing its volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which event occurs in body tissue blood?

Accepted Answer

A) In the plasma, HCO3- and H+ convert into CO2 and H2O. 
B) Erythrocyte HCO3- enters the plasma. 
C) Free H+ releases from hemoglobin. 
D) CO2 binds to hemoglobin. 
A) In the plasma, HCO3- and H+ convert into CO2 and H2O. 
B) Erythrocyte HCO3- enters the plasma. 
C) Free H+ releases from hemoglobin. 
D) CO2 binds to hemoglobin.

Exam 49: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Describe three adaptations that enhance the function of a respiratory surface.

CO2 and H2O are converted to HCO3- and H+ in the blood of the lungs.

Through what process is O2 transported into the blood from air in the lungs?

Which respiratory control centres are most sensitive to changes in CO2?

Why is it important that CO2 be rapidly removed from the cells of animals?

Which of the following encourages the movement of water over gills?

Which animals use air sacs to ventilate their lungs?

Alveoli are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.

Which of the following is an example of a respiratory surface?

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

Match each term with its description. -breathing

Match each term with its description. -cellular respiration

Which of the following occurs during human inhalation?

Which term refers to the respiratory surfaces of mammalian lungs?

Match each term with its description. -inhalation

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves up into the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing its volume.

Which event occurs in body tissue blood?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

CO₂ and H₂O are converted to HCO₃- and H⁺ in the blood of the lungs.

Through what process is O₂ transported into the blood from air in the lungs?

Which respiratory control centres are most sensitive to changes in CO₂?

Why is it important that CO₂ be rapidly removed from the cells of animals?