Question 1

Which of the following respiratory surfaces lack physical protection from the external environment?

Accepted Answer

A) internal gills 
B) lungs 
C) tracheal system tubes 
D) external gills 
A) internal gills 
B) lungs 
C) tracheal system tubes 
D) external gills

Question 2

Blood O2 levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is a disadvantage of air as a respiratory medium?

Accepted Answer

A) Air is 1000 times less dense than water. 
B) Air requires less energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface. 
C) Air evaporates water from the respiratory surface. 
D) Air contains 30 times as much O2 as water. 
A) Air is 1000 times less dense than water. 
B) Air requires less energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface. 
C) Air evaporates water from the respiratory surface. 
D) Air contains 30 times as much O2 as water.

Question 4

How much of O2 from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

Accepted Answer

A) 50 to 60% 
B) 60 to 70% 
C) 80 to 90% 
D) 90 to 100% 
A) 50 to 60% 
B) 60 to 70% 
C) 80 to 90% 
D) 90 to 100%

Question 5

Which animals use positive pressure breathing to ventilate their lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) reptiles 
B) birds 
C) dogs 
D) frogs 
A) reptiles 
B) birds 
C) dogs 
D) frogs

Question 6

How is most O2 transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) bound to hemoglobin 
B) as gas 
C) dissolved in the plasma 
D) as bicarbonate ions 
A) bound to hemoglobin 
B) as gas 
C) dissolved in the plasma 
D) as bicarbonate ions

Question 7

Match each term with its description.
-exhalation

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 8

What is the name of the primary muscle involved in human breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) the diaphragm 
B) the internal intercostals 
C) the external intercostals 
D) the abdominal wall muscles 
A) the diaphragm 
B) the internal intercostals 
C) the external intercostals 
D) the abdominal wall muscles

Question 9

Which lung volume keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A) vital capacity 
B) total capacity 
C) residual volume 
D) tidal volume 
A) vital capacity 
B) total capacity 
C) residual volume 
D) tidal volume

Question 10

In which animal would perfusion be least efficient during gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A) a fish 
B) a bird 
C) a flatworm 
D) a human 
A) a fish 
B) a bird 
C) a flatworm 
D) a human

Question 11

A larynx is found at the beginning of each insect trachea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match each term with its description.
-perfusion

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 13

Why is proper ventilation important for a respiring animal?

Accepted Answer

A) It directly increases gas exchange between the blood and cells. 
B) It maintains blood circulation within the body of an animal. 
C) It maintains proper O2 and CO2 levels on the internal side of the respiratory surface so that diffusion across it can be maintained. 
D) It maintains proper O2 and CO2 levels on the external side of the respiratory surface so that diffusion across it can be maintained. 
A) It directly increases gas exchange between the blood and cells. 
B) It maintains blood circulation within the body of an animal. 
C) It maintains proper O2 and CO2 levels on the internal side of the respiratory surface so that diffusion across it can be maintained. 
D) It maintains proper O2 and CO2 levels on the external side of the respiratory surface so that diffusion across it can be maintained.

Question 14

Which event occurs in lung blood?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma HCO3- enters erythrocytes. 
B) In erythrocytes, carbonic anhydrase converts CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+. 
C) Free H+ binds to hemoglobin. 
D) CO2 binds to hemoglobin. 
A) Plasma HCO3- enters erythrocytes. 
B) In erythrocytes, carbonic anhydrase converts CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+. 
C) Free H+ binds to hemoglobin. 
D) CO2 binds to hemoglobin.

Question 15

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Accepted Answer

A) to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to hemoglobin 
B) to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to O2 
C) to speed up the conversion of CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+ 
D) to speed up the conversion of HCO3- and O- into CO2 and H2O 
A) to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to hemoglobin 
B) to speed up the rate at which CO2 binds to O2 
C) to speed up the conversion of CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+ 
D) to speed up the conversion of HCO3- and O- into CO2 and H2O

Question 16

What happens to the chest cavity and air pressure in the lungs during exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A) The chest cavity increases, and air pressure decreases. 
B) The chest cavity increases, and air pressure also increases. 
C) The chest cavity decreases, and air pressure increases. 
D) The chest cavity decreases, and air pressure also decreases. 
A) The chest cavity increases, and air pressure decreases. 
B) The chest cavity increases, and air pressure also increases. 
C) The chest cavity decreases, and air pressure increases. 
D) The chest cavity decreases, and air pressure also decreases.

Question 17

Which airway structure acts as the "windpipe"?

Accepted Answer

A) the bronchus 
B) the bronchiole 
C) the larynx 
D) the trachea 
A) the bronchus 
B) the bronchiole 
C) the larynx 
D) the trachea

Question 18

Which of the following is involved in both cellular respiration and physiological respiration in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) the respiratory surface 
B) the circulatory system 
C) mitochondria 
D) the respiratory medium 
A) the respiratory surface 
B) the circulatory system 
C) mitochondria 
D) the respiratory medium

Question 19

Which chemical has the least influence on the regulation of breathing rate?

Accepted Answer

A) chemical O2 
B) chemical N2 
C) chemical H 
D) chemical CO2 
A) chemical O2 
B) chemical N2 
C) chemical H 
D) chemical CO2

Question 20

Match each term with its description.
-ventilation

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Exam 49: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Which of the following respiratory surfaces lack physical protection from the external environment?

Blood O2 levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

What is a disadvantage of air as a respiratory medium?

How much of O2 from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

Which animals use positive pressure breathing to ventilate their lungs?

How is most O2 transported in the blood?

Match each term with its description. -exhalation

What is the name of the primary muscle involved in human breathing?

Which lung volume keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation?

In which animal would perfusion be least efficient during gas exchange?

A larynx is found at the beginning of each insect trachea.

Match each term with its description. -perfusion

Why is proper ventilation important for a respiring animal?

Which event occurs in lung blood?

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

What happens to the chest cavity and air pressure in the lungs during exhalation?

Which airway structure acts as the "windpipe"?

Which of the following is involved in both cellular respiration and physiological respiration in humans?

Which chemical has the least influence on the regulation of breathing rate?

Match each term with its description. -ventilation

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

Blood O₂ levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

How much of O₂ from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

How is most O₂ transported in the blood?