Question 1

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-sclera

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 2

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-stimulus may result in a sensation of pain

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 3

If an action potential persists for one minute or longer, an increase in the strength of synaptic connections develops. Which term refers to the resulting establishment of memory between two neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) long-term potentiation 
B) cephalization association 
C) consciousness potentiation 
D) lateralization 
A) long-term potentiation 
B) cephalization association 
C) consciousness potentiation 
D) lateralization

Question 4

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-detects specific molecules, such as glucose

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 5

Which of the following comprise a fish's lateral line, which allows them to detect vibrations and water currents?

Accepted Answer

A) stereocilia 
B) statoliths 
C) statocysts 
D) neuromasts 
A) stereocilia 
B) statoliths 
C) statocysts 
D) neuromasts

Question 6

In mammalian eyes, light must pass through neural cells to reach the photoreceptors in the retina.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match each term with its definition.
-oval window

Accepted Answer

A) single unit of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the ear drum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)terrestrial vertebrates' method of perceiving motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single unit of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the ear drum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)terrestrial vertebrates' method of perceiving motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 8

Which of the following is the function of the outer segment of the cone in the photoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

A) It releases neurotransmitters. 
B) It stores neurotransmitters. 
C) It houses the cell's metabolic machinery. 
D) It houses discs that contain light-absorbing photopigment. 
A) It releases neurotransmitters. 
B) It stores neurotransmitters. 
C) It houses the cell's metabolic machinery. 
D) It houses discs that contain light-absorbing photopigment.

Question 9

Where does the lens focus an image in the mammalian eye?

Accepted Answer

A) sometimes on the fovea, sometimes elsewhere on the retina 
B) primarily on the fovea 
C) slightly in front of the retina, so the neural cells do not distort the image 
D) on the retina, using the entire surface of the retina 
A) sometimes on the fovea, sometimes elsewhere on the retina 
B) primarily on the fovea 
C) slightly in front of the retina, so the neural cells do not distort the image 
D) on the retina, using the entire surface of the retina

Question 10

What is lost as a result of destruction of the motor areas in the right cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) voluntary movement on the left side of the body 
B) involuntary control of the right side of the body 
C) sensation on the right side of the body 
D) sensation on the left side of the body 
A) voluntary movement on the left side of the body 
B) involuntary control of the right side of the body 
C) sensation on the right side of the body 
D) sensation on the left side of the body

Question 11

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-choroid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 12

Match each term with its definition.
-vitreous humour

Accepted Answer

A) single unit of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the ear drum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)terrestrial vertebrates' method of perceiving motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single unit of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the ear drum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)terrestrial vertebrates' method of perceiving motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 13

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-perceives light energy

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 14

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-iris

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 15

Identify each lettered part of the vestibular apparatus shown.  
-posterior semicircular canal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the vestibular...

Question 16

Which of the following explains how the two cerebral hemispheres can function separately?

Accepted Answer

A) The right cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, the right side of the body. 
B) The left cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, the left side of the body. 
C) The left cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, the right side of the body. 
D) The right cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, both sides of the body. 
A) The right cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, the right side of the body. 
B) The left cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, the left side of the body. 
C) The left cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, the right side of the body. 
D) The right cerebral hemisphere responds primarily to sensory signals from, and controls movements in, both sides of the body.

Question 17

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. Suppose that you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin. What would occur if you eat food containing capsaicin?

Accepted Answer

A) You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. 
B) You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin. 
C) You would be able to eat foods containing capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. 
D) You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin. 
A) You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. 
B) You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin. 
C) You would be able to eat foods containing capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. 
D) You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin.

Question 18

Which cells connect different photoreceptor cells to each other?

Accepted Answer

A) bipolar cells 
B) rod cells 
C) amacrine cells 
D) horizontal cells 
A) bipolar cells 
B) rod cells 
C) amacrine cells 
D) horizontal cells

Question 19

Identify each lettered part of the vestibular apparatus shown.  
-utricle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the vestibular...

Question 20

-In the figure, which number identifies the structure that vibrates and bends the sensory hairs?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 4 
C) 3 
D) 1 
A) 5 
B) 4 
C) 3 
D) 1

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -sclera

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -stimulus may result in a sensation of pain

If an action potential persists for one minute or longer, an increase in the strength of synaptic connections develops. Which term refers to the resulting establishment of memory between two neurons?

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -detects specific molecules, such as glucose

Which of the following comprise a fish's lateral line, which allows them to detect vibrations and water currents?

In mammalian eyes, light must pass through neural cells to reach the photoreceptors in the retina.

Match each term with its definition. -oval window

Which of the following is the function of the outer segment of the cone in the photoreceptor?

Where does the lens focus an image in the mammalian eye?

What is lost as a result of destruction of the motor areas in the right cerebral cortex?

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -choroid

Match each term with its definition. -vitreous humour

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -perceives light energy

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -iris

Identify each lettered part of the vestibular apparatus shown. -posterior semicircular canal

Which of the following explains how the two cerebral hemispheres can function separately?

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. Suppose that you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin. What would occur if you eat food containing capsaicin?

Which cells connect different photoreceptor cells to each other?

Identify each lettered part of the vestibular apparatus shown. -utricle

-In the figure, which number identifies the structure that vibrates and bends the sensory hairs?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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