Question 1

What is the typical resting potential of an isolated neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) -100 mV 
B) -90 mV 
C) -70 mV 
D) -60 mV 
A) -100 mV 
B) -90 mV 
C) -70 mV 
D) -60 mV

Question 2

Match each term with its description.
-threshold potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 3

Match each term with its description.
-resting potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 4

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating central nervous system axons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following animals has the least-advanced nerve cord?

Accepted Answer

A) human 
B) flatworm 
C) arthropod 
D) octopus 
A) human 
B) flatworm 
C) arthropod 
D) octopus

Question 6

Which of the following places the listed events of chemical synapse transmission in the correct order? 
1-Ca2+ enters axon terminal.
2-Ligand-gated ion channels open in postsynaptic membrane.
3-Neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptor.
4-Action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron.
5-Neurotransmitter released by exocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 
B) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 
C) 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 
D) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 
A) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 
B) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 
C) 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 
D) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2

Question 7

Explain how neuron action potential propagation rate can be increased.

Accepted Answer

Neuron action potential propagation can

Question 8

Match each term with its description.
-action potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 9

In animals with a brain, what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) cranial and spinal nerves 
B) central and peripheral nervous systems 
C) nerves from the brain and the peripheral systems 
D) autonomic and peripheral systems 
A) cranial and spinal nerves 
B) central and peripheral nervous systems 
C) nerves from the brain and the peripheral systems 
D) autonomic and peripheral systems

Question 10

Match each term with its definition.
-peripheral nervous system

Accepted Answer

A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)import with the ability to speak 
A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)import with the ability to speak

Question 11

The parasympathetic division predominates in situations involving stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

-In the chemical synapse in the figure, which structure represents the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A) structure B 
B) structure C 
C) structure D 
D) structure E 
A) structure B 
B) structure C 
C) structure D 
D) structure E

Question 13

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-an IPSP

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 14

Action potentials may vary in magnitude along a particular excitable membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which sentence presents characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli. 
B) The sympathetic system generally predominates during physical activity, while the parasympathetic system predominates during nonphysical activity. 
C) The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic systems both release norepinephrine. 
D) The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control. 
A) The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli. 
B) The sympathetic system generally predominates during physical activity, while the parasympathetic system predominates during nonphysical activity. 
C) The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic systems both release norepinephrine. 
D) The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control.

Question 16

What can neuropeptide neurotransmitters do?

Accepted Answer

A) act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria 
B) act as a postsynaptic membrane inhibitor 
C) act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D) directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons 
A) act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria 
B) act as a postsynaptic membrane inhibitor 
C) act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D) directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons

Question 17

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match each term with its definition.
-somatic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)import with the ability to speak 
A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)import with the ability to speak

Question 19

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 20

What is cephalization in animals most associated with?

Accepted Answer

A) bilateral symmetry 
B) ganglia 
C) nerves 
D) nerve nets 
A) bilateral symmetry 
B) ganglia 
C) nerves 
D) nerve nets

Exam 44: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

What is the typical resting potential of an isolated neuron?

Match each term with its description. -threshold potential

Match each term with its description. -resting potential

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating central nervous system axons.

Which of the following animals has the least-advanced nerve cord?

Explain how neuron action potential propagation rate can be increased.

Match each term with its description. -action potential

In animals with a brain, what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Match each term with its definition. -peripheral nervous system

The parasympathetic division predominates in situations involving stress.

-In the chemical synapse in the figure, which structure represents the synaptic cleft?

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -an IPSP

Action potentials may vary in magnitude along a particular excitable membrane.

Which sentence presents characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, respectively?

What can neuropeptide neurotransmitters do?

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Match each term with its definition. -somatic nervous system

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

What is cephalization in animals most associated with?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na⁺ across a neuron plasma membrane.