Question 1

What can the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in vertebrates do?

Accepted Answer

A) be released into circulation and act as a hormone 
B) make it more difficult for some presynaptic membranes to reach threshold 
C) act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D) be released into circulation and act as an enzyme 
A) be released into circulation and act as a hormone 
B) make it more difficult for some presynaptic membranes to reach threshold 
C) act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D) be released into circulation and act as an enzyme

Question 2

-In the chemical synapse in the figure, which structure represents the axon terminal of a presynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) structure E 
B) structure D 
C) structure C 
D) structure A 
A) structure E 
B) structure D 
C) structure C 
D) structure A

Question 3

What will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated K+ channels?

Accepted Answer

A) apolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) repolarization 
D) hyperpolarization 
A) apolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) repolarization 
D) hyperpolarization

Question 4

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following refers to an abrupt and transient change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A) resting potential 
B) refractory potential 
C) action potential 
D) threshold potential 
A) resting potential 
B) refractory potential 
C) action potential 
D) threshold potential

Question 6

Which sentence presents characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli. 
B) The sympathetic system generally predominates during physical activity, while the parasympathetic system predominates during nonphysical activity. 
C) The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic systems both release norepinephrine. 
D) The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control. 
A) The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli. 
B) The sympathetic system generally predominates during physical activity, while the parasympathetic system predominates during nonphysical activity. 
C) The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic systems both release norepinephrine. 
D) The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control.

Question 7

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-an IPSP

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 8

-In the action potential diagram, at what point are many Na+ activation gates open and K+ activation gates closed?

Accepted Answer

A) point A 
B) point B 
C) point C 
D) point E 
A) point A 
B) point B 
C) point C 
D) point E

Question 9

What nervous system cells send and receive electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

A) glial cells 
B) receptors 
C) sensors 
D) neurons 
A) glial cells 
B) receptors 
C) sensors 
D) neurons

Question 10

The additive effect of one neuron sending many EPSPs to another neuron over a brief period of time is called spatial summation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following places the listed events of chemical synapse transmission in the correct order? 
1-Ca2+ enters axon terminal.
2-Ligand-gated ion channels open in postsynaptic membrane.
3-Neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptor.
4-Action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron.
5-Neurotransmitter released by exocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 
B) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 
C) 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 
D) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 
A) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 
B) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 
C) 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 
D) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2

Question 12

Which structures aid in saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

A) nonmyelinated axons 
B) synapses 
C) myelinated axons 
D) dendrites 
A) nonmyelinated axons 
B) synapses 
C) myelinated axons 
D) dendrites

Question 13

Why is the refractory period of a neuron's plasma membrane important?

Accepted Answer

A) because it initiates an action potential 
B) because it ensures that an impulse will travel in a one-way direction 
C) because it ensures that the threshold potential will be reached 
D) because it establishes the resting potential 
A) because it initiates an action potential 
B) because it ensures that an impulse will travel in a one-way direction 
C) because it ensures that the threshold potential will be reached 
D) because it establishes the resting potential

Question 14

What type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

Accepted Answer

A) an interneuron 
B) an afferent neuron 
C) a sensory neuron 
D) an efferent neuron 
A) an interneuron 
B) an afferent neuron 
C) a sensory neuron 
D) an efferent neuron

Question 15

Distinguish between the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system involves the

Question 16

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-describes the change in resting membrane potential that causes it to approach threshold potential

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 17

What will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated Na+ channels?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperpolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) repolarization 
D) apolarization 
A) hyperpolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) repolarization 
D) apolarization

Question 18

Match each term with its description.
-membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 19

Which pair of ions is involved in changing membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A) magnesium and potassium 
B) sodium and magnesium 
C) sodium and potassium 
D) magnesium and chloride 
A) magnesium and potassium 
B) sodium and magnesium 
C) sodium and potassium 
D) magnesium and chloride

Question 20

Which of the following animals has the least-advanced nerve cord?

Accepted Answer

A) human 
B) flatworm 
C) arthropod 
D) octopus 
A) human 
B) flatworm 
C) arthropod 
D) octopus

Exam 43: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

What can the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in vertebrates do?

-In the chemical synapse in the figure, which structure represents the axon terminal of a presynaptic cell?

What will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated K+ channels?

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Which of the following refers to an abrupt and transient change in membrane potential?

Which sentence presents characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, respectively?

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -an IPSP

-In the action potential diagram, at what point are many Na+ activation gates open and K+ activation gates closed?

What nervous system cells send and receive electrical signals?

The additive effect of one neuron sending many EPSPs to another neuron over a brief period of time is called spatial summation.

Which structures aid in saltatory conduction?

Why is the refractory period of a neuron's plasma membrane important?

What type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

Distinguish between the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -describes the change in resting membrane potential that causes it to approach threshold potential

What will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated Na+ channels?

Match each term with its description. -membrane potential

Which pair of ions is involved in changing membrane potential?

Which of the following animals has the least-advanced nerve cord?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

What will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated K⁺ channels?

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na⁺ across a neuron plasma membrane.

-In the action potential diagram, at what point are many Na⁺ activation gates open and K⁺ activation gates closed?

What will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated Na⁺ channels?