Question 1

Match each term with its definition.
-peripheral nervous system

Accepted Answer

A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)import with the ability to speak 
A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)import with the ability to speak

Question 2

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-causes a neuron membrane potential to become more negative, allowing it to approach its resting potential

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 3

Action potentials may vary in magnitude along a particular excitable membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following animals has the most-advanced cephalization?

Accepted Answer

A) an arthropod 
B) an echinoderm 
C) a flatworm 
D) a chordate 
A) an arthropod 
B) an echinoderm 
C) a flatworm 
D) a chordate

Question 5

A toxin interferes with the opening of Na+ channels in the postsynaptic membrane so that they open more slowly when bound to a neurotransmitter. What effect would there be on action potential formation in the postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

This would cause a postsynapti

Question 6

What happens to the magnitude of an action potential as it is propagated down an excitable membrane and why?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases because it is a threshold principle. 
B) It increases because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
C) It remains constant because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
D) It remains constant because it is a threshold principle. 
A) It increases because it is a threshold principle. 
B) It increases because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
C) It remains constant because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
D) It remains constant because it is a threshold principle.

Question 7

When are vesicles containing neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A) when Ca2+ levels rise within the axon terminal 
B) when Na+ levels rise within the axon terminal 
C) when H+ levels rise within the axon terminal 
D) when Cl- levels rise within the axon terminal 
A) when Ca2+ levels rise within the axon terminal 
B) when Na+ levels rise within the axon terminal 
C) when H+ levels rise within the axon terminal 
D) when Cl- levels rise within the axon terminal

Question 8

In animals with a brain, what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) cranial and spinal nerves 
B) central and peripheral nervous systems 
C) nerves from the brain and the peripheral systems 
D) autonomic and peripheral systems 
A) cranial and spinal nerves 
B) central and peripheral nervous systems 
C) nerves from the brain and the peripheral systems 
D) autonomic and peripheral systems

Question 9

What is the typical resting potential of an isolated neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) -100 mV 
B) -90 mV 
C) -70 mV 
D) -60 mV 
A) -100 mV 
B) -90 mV 
C) -70 mV 
D) -60 mV

Question 10

What happens to the neuron's membrane when its membrane potential goes below its resting value?

Accepted Answer

A) It becomes repolarized. 
B) It becomes hyperpolarized. 
C) It becomes hypopolarized. 
D) It becomes depolarized. 
A) It becomes repolarized. 
B) It becomes hyperpolarized. 
C) It becomes hypopolarized. 
D) It becomes depolarized.

Question 11

What will a hollow neural tube develop into?

Accepted Answer

A) spinal nerves 
B) the brain 
C) motor nerves 
D) the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain 
A) spinal nerves 
B) the brain 
C) motor nerves 
D) the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 12

-In the action potential diagram, at what point are Na+ inactivation gates opening and K+ activation gates closing?

Accepted Answer

A) point E 
B) point D 
C) point B 
D) point A 
A) point E 
B) point D 
C) point B 
D) point A

Question 13

What is cephalization in animals most associated with?

Accepted Answer

A) bilateral symmetry 
B) ganglia 
C) nerves 
D) nerve nets 
A) bilateral symmetry 
B) ganglia 
C) nerves 
D) nerve nets

Question 14

Invertebrates, such as the flatworm, have groups of neurons with a common function. What is the name of these nerve clusters?

Accepted Answer

A) the spine 
B) the brain 
C) nerve cords 
D) ganglia 
A) the spine 
B) the brain 
C) nerve cords 
D) ganglia

Question 15

Which neurons are typically located in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) spinal cord nerve cells 
B) interneurons 
C) brain nerve cells 
D) motor neurons 
A) spinal cord nerve cells 
B) interneurons 
C) brain nerve cells 
D) motor neurons

Question 16

In humans, which neurons are composed of the greatest number of cells?

Accepted Answer

A) motor neurons 
B) efferent neurons 
C) interneurons 
D) afferent neurons 
A) motor neurons 
B) efferent neurons 
C) interneurons 
D) afferent neurons

Question 17

Which of the following can be found in higher concentrations on the outside of a neuron's plasma membrane relative to the inside?

Accepted Answer

A) Ca2+ 
B) Na+ 
C) K+ 
D) anions 
A) Ca2+ 
B) Na+ 
C) K+ 
D) anions

Question 18

What can neuropeptide neurotransmitters do?

Accepted Answer

A) act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria 
B) act as a postsynaptic membrane inhibitor 
C) act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D) directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons 
A) act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria 
B) act as a postsynaptic membrane inhibitor 
C) act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D) directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons

Question 19

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs in a postsynaptic membrane when ligand-gated Cl- channels open

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 20

The nervous systems of arthropods are composed of nerve nets.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 43: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Match each term with its definition. -peripheral nervous system

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -causes a neuron membrane potential to become more negative, allowing it to approach its resting potential

Action potentials may vary in magnitude along a particular excitable membrane.

Which of the following animals has the most-advanced cephalization?

A toxin interferes with the opening of Na+ channels in the postsynaptic membrane so that they open more slowly when bound to a neurotransmitter. What effect would there be on action potential formation in the postsynaptic membrane?

What happens to the magnitude of an action potential as it is propagated down an excitable membrane and why?

When are vesicles containing neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft?

In animals with a brain, what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

What is the typical resting potential of an isolated neuron?

What happens to the neuron's membrane when its membrane potential goes below its resting value?

What will a hollow neural tube develop into?

-In the action potential diagram, at what point are Na+ inactivation gates opening and K+ activation gates closing?

What is cephalization in animals most associated with?

Invertebrates, such as the flatworm, have groups of neurons with a common function. What is the name of these nerve clusters?

Which neurons are typically located in the peripheral nervous system?

In humans, which neurons are composed of the greatest number of cells?

Which of the following can be found in higher concentrations on the outside of a neuron's plasma membrane relative to the inside?

What can neuropeptide neurotransmitters do?

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs in a postsynaptic membrane when ligand-gated Cl- channels open

The nervous systems of arthropods are composed of nerve nets.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

A toxin interferes with the opening of Na⁺ channels in the postsynaptic membrane so that they open more slowly when bound to a neurotransmitter. What effect would there be on action potential formation in the postsynaptic membrane?

-In the action potential diagram, at what point are Na⁺ inactivation gates opening and K⁺ activation gates closing?