Question 1

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A) a heritable change in the genetics of a population over time 
B) natural selection leading to adaptation over time 
C) the occurrence of a series of mutations over time 
D) the origin of major new forms of life over time 
A) a heritable change in the genetics of a population over time 
B) natural selection leading to adaptation over time 
C) the occurrence of a series of mutations over time 
D) the origin of major new forms of life over time

Question 2

People with the disease known as sickle cell anemia are often better able to survive malaria. What is the cause of this?

Accepted Answer

A) balanced polymorphism 
B) heterozygote advantage 
C) disruptive selection 
D) stabilizing selection 
A) balanced polymorphism 
B) heterozygote advantage 
C) disruptive selection 
D) stabilizing selection

Question 3

Match the Hardy-Weinberg factor with the correct genetic designation.
-p

Accepted Answer

A) frequency of heterozygotes 
B) frequency of the dominant allele 
C) frequency of the recessive allele 
D) the total gene pool for a gene with two alleles 
E) frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes
F)frequency of homozygous dominant genotypes 
A) frequency of heterozygotes 
B) frequency of the dominant allele 
C) frequency of the recessive allele 
D) the total gene pool for a gene with two alleles 
E) frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes
F)frequency of homozygous dominant genotypes

Question 4

What is the contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation in relation to the contributions of other individuals called?

Accepted Answer

A) competition 
B) genetic drift 
C) relative fitness 
D) gene flow 
A) competition 
B) genetic drift 
C) relative fitness 
D) gene flow

Question 5

What is any product of natural selection that increases the relative fitness of an organism in its environment called?

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) adaptive trait 
C) adaptation 
D) variation 
A) mutation 
B) adaptive trait 
C) adaptation 
D) variation

Question 6

If you wanted to calculate the frequencies of the two different alleles for a particular gene in a population, what data would you have to gather and how would you use it?

Accepted Answer

You would have to sample the population

Question 7

What does natural selection result in?

Accepted Answer

A) adaptation 
B) mutation 
C) a new species 
D) genetic drift 
A) adaptation 
B) mutation 
C) a new species 
D) genetic drift

Question 8

What is inbreeding primarily due to?

Accepted Answer

A) migration 
B) nonrandom mating 
C) mutation 
D) adaptive radiation 
A) migration 
B) nonrandom mating 
C) mutation 
D) adaptive radiation

Question 9

What does "2pq" represents in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Accepted Answer

A) It represents the homozygous recessive genotypes. 
B) It represents the heterozygous genotypes. 
C) It represents the homozygous dominant genotypes. 
D) It represents the heterozygous phenotypes. 
A) It represents the homozygous recessive genotypes. 
B) It represents the heterozygous genotypes. 
C) It represents the homozygous dominant genotypes. 
D) It represents the heterozygous phenotypes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct expression of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Accepted Answer

A) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 0 
B) p2 + pq − q2 = 1 
C) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 
D) p + q = 0 
A) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 0 
B) p2 + pq − q2 = 1 
C) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 
D) p + q = 0

Question 11

Because of fluctuations in the environment, such as depletion of food supply or an outbreak of disease, a population may periodically experience a rapid and marked decrease in the number of individuals, leading to a form of genetic drift. What is this form of genetic drift called?

Accepted Answer

A) a founder effect 
B) migration 
C) gene flow 
D) a genetic bottleneck 
A) a founder effect 
B) migration 
C) gene flow 
D) a genetic bottleneck

Question 12

Which of the following processes results in microevolution without any form of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic drift 
B) mutation 
C) development of new characteristics during an individual's lifetime 
D) genetic variation 
A) genetic drift 
B) mutation 
C) development of new characteristics during an individual's lifetime 
D) genetic variation

Question 13

In a colony of 100 guinea pigs, 16 show the recessive trait of bristly hair. What is the frequency of the recessive allele in the population?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.400 
B) 0.160 
C) 0.040 
D) 0.016 
A) 0.400 
B) 0.160 
C) 0.040 
D) 0.016

Question 14

How can organisms with the same phenotype have different genotypes and vice versa, and what is the significance?

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic variation can be caused by ge

Question 15

Small populations on islands can be said to have experienced a form of genetic drift called the founders effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

How could parasitism by wasps and feeding by birds result in a higher percentage of galls (made by gall-making flies) of medium size rather than small or large galls (or an even percentage of all sizes of galls)?

Accepted Answer

If wasps preferentially parasitize fly l

Question 17

In an unchanging environment, a well-adapted population is likely to experience no natural selection of any kind.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What does a sudden reduction in population size generally result in?

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) mutation 
C) speciation 
D) genetic drift 
A) extinction 
B) mutation 
C) speciation 
D) genetic drift

Question 19

What is the one measurement we have to make if we want to know the percentage of particular genotypes within an actual population, assuming complete dominance and two alleles?

Accepted Answer

A) the frequency of heterozygous phenotypes 
B) the frequency of heterozygous genotypes 
C) the frequency of dominant phenotypes 
D) the frequency of recessive phenotypes 
A) the frequency of heterozygous phenotypes 
B) the frequency of heterozygous genotypes 
C) the frequency of dominant phenotypes 
D) the frequency of recessive phenotypes

Question 20

Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative variation.

Accepted Answer

Both types of variation descri

Exam 18: Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of microevolution?

People with the disease known as sickle cell anemia are often better able to survive malaria. What is the cause of this?

Match the Hardy-Weinberg factor with the correct genetic designation. -p

What is the contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation in relation to the contributions of other individuals called?

What is any product of natural selection that increases the relative fitness of an organism in its environment called?

If you wanted to calculate the frequencies of the two different alleles for a particular gene in a population, what data would you have to gather and how would you use it?

What does natural selection result in?

What is inbreeding primarily due to?

What does "2pq" represents in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Which of the following is a correct expression of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Because of fluctuations in the environment, such as depletion of food supply or an outbreak of disease, a population may periodically experience a rapid and marked decrease in the number of individuals, leading to a form of genetic drift. What is this form of genetic drift called?

Which of the following processes results in microevolution without any form of natural selection?

In a colony of 100 guinea pigs, 16 show the recessive trait of bristly hair. What is the frequency of the recessive allele in the population?

How can organisms with the same phenotype have different genotypes and vice versa, and what is the significance?

Small populations on islands can be said to have experienced a form of genetic drift called the founders effect.

How could parasitism by wasps and feeding by birds result in a higher percentage of galls (made by gall-making flies) of medium size rather than small or large galls (or an even percentage of all sizes of galls)?

In an unchanging environment, a well-adapted population is likely to experience no natural selection of any kind.

What does a sudden reduction in population size generally result in?

What is the one measurement we have to make if we want to know the percentage of particular genotypes within an actual population, assuming complete dominance and two alleles?

Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative variation.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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