Question 1

Identify each labelled part of this illustration of eukaryotic DNA.  
-activators

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each labelled part of this illustration...

Question 2

Any gene could, theoretically, be specifically silenced by RNAi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The DNA that encodes siRNA is NOT normally found in the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Match each term with its definition.
-operon

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 5

To which portion of the DNA does a steroid hormone receptor bind?

Accepted Answer

A) a response element 
B) an enhancer 
C) a gene promoter 
D) an operator 
A) a response element 
B) an enhancer 
C) a gene promoter 
D) an operator

Question 6

Which types of proteins do proto-oncogenes tend to be?

Accepted Answer

A) protein phosphorylases 
B) membrane-associated proteins 
C) extracellular receptors and protein kinases 
D) intracellular receptors 
A) protein phosphorylases 
B) membrane-associated proteins 
C) extracellular receptors and protein kinases 
D) intracellular receptors

Question 7

What happens to a DNA promoter sequence when it is methylated?

Accepted Answer

A) It is temporarily silenced because the methyl group can be removed. 
B) It is temporarily transcribed because the methyl group can be removed. 
C) It is perpetually transcribed because the methyl group can never be removed. 
D) It is permanently silenced because the methyl group can never be removed. 
A) It is temporarily silenced because the methyl group can be removed. 
B) It is temporarily transcribed because the methyl group can be removed. 
C) It is perpetually transcribed because the methyl group can never be removed. 
D) It is permanently silenced because the methyl group can never be removed.

Question 8

What is one function of the 5? UTR (untranslated region) of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) to decrease the half-life of mRNA 
B) to extend the half-life of mRNA 
C) to stabilize the mRNA structure 
D) to control the half-life of mRNA 
A) to decrease the half-life of mRNA 
B) to extend the half-life of mRNA 
C) to stabilize the mRNA structure 
D) to control the half-life of mRNA

Question 9

Why do prokaryotic organisms tend to undergo rapid and reversible alterations in their genes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are not as advanced. 
B) They are small. 
C) They are simple. 
D) They grow quickly. 
A) They are not as advanced. 
B) They are small. 
C) They are simple. 
D) They grow quickly.

Question 10

Genes in operons are transcribed in such a way as to share which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) protein 
D) ribosome 
A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) protein 
D) ribosome

Question 11

Match each term with its definition.
-miRNA

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 12

Match each term with its definition.
-repressor

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 13

Explain how combinatorial gene regulation allows eukaryotes to coordinate the expression of different genes very efficiently.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a large number of genes,

Question 14

Eukaryotic genes consist of protein-coding sequences and adjacent regulatory sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What form must an mRNA assume in order to be targeted by miRNAs for degradation?

Accepted Answer

A) a double-stranded form 
B) a nuclear form 
C) a single-stranded form 
D) a stem-loop form 
A) a double-stranded form 
B) a nuclear form 
C) a single-stranded form 
D) a stem-loop form

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the general strategy of metabolic gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes are always on for early steps in the pathway, but genes for later steps are generally off. 
B) Genes are turned on and off as conditions change. 
C) Genes are independently regulated. 
D) Genes are always on so the bacteria can respond rapidly to changing conditions. 
A) Genes are always on for early steps in the pathway, but genes for later steps are generally off. 
B) Genes are turned on and off as conditions change. 
C) Genes are independently regulated. 
D) Genes are always on so the bacteria can respond rapidly to changing conditions.

Question 17

Suppose that you observe a mutant E. coli in which CAP is always inactive. In the presence of lactose and low levels of glucose, what would you expect the gene expression from this mutant's lac operon to be?

Accepted Answer

A) inactive 
B) normal 
C) greatly reduced 
D) overactive 
A) inactive 
B) normal 
C) greatly reduced 
D) overactive

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why E. coli shuts down the trp operon if tryptophan is available in the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not shut down the trp operon, it only lowers the level of trp operon activity. 
B) The trp operon encodes genes that export tryptophan from the cell; if tryptophan already occurs in the environment, further export is not necessary. 
C) Synthesizing an amino acid takes energy, so it is a waste of energy to make something that is already available. 
D) Environmental tryptophan is of higher quality than what the E. coli can make itself. 
A) It does not shut down the trp operon, it only lowers the level of trp operon activity. 
B) The trp operon encodes genes that export tryptophan from the cell; if tryptophan already occurs in the environment, further export is not necessary. 
C) Synthesizing an amino acid takes energy, so it is a waste of energy to make something that is already available. 
D) Environmental tryptophan is of higher quality than what the E. coli can make itself.

Question 19

Each steroid hormone can bind to its own steroid hormone response unit (SHRU) but NOT to the SHRU associated with other steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which statement refers to genomic imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A) An allele of a given gene is spliced during gametogenesis. 
B) An allele of a given gene is enhanced during gametogenesis. 
C) An allele of a given gene is activated during gametogenesis. 
D) An allele of a given gene is silenced during gametogenesis. 
A) An allele of a given gene is spliced during gametogenesis. 
B) An allele of a given gene is enhanced during gametogenesis. 
C) An allele of a given gene is activated during gametogenesis. 
D) An allele of a given gene is silenced during gametogenesis.

Exam 14: Control of Gene Expression

Identify each labelled part of this illustration of eukaryotic DNA. -activators

Any gene could, theoretically, be specifically silenced by RNAi.

The DNA that encodes siRNA is NOT normally found in the nucleus.

Match each term with its definition. -operon

To which portion of the DNA does a steroid hormone receptor bind?

Which types of proteins do proto-oncogenes tend to be?

What happens to a DNA promoter sequence when it is methylated?

What is one function of the 5? UTR (untranslated region) of mRNA?

Why do prokaryotic organisms tend to undergo rapid and reversible alterations in their genes?

Genes in operons are transcribed in such a way as to share which of the following molecules?

Match each term with its definition. -miRNA

Match each term with its definition. -repressor

Explain how combinatorial gene regulation allows eukaryotes to coordinate the expression of different genes very efficiently.

Eukaryotic genes consist of protein-coding sequences and adjacent regulatory sequences.

What form must an mRNA assume in order to be targeted by miRNAs for degradation?

Which of the following best describes the general strategy of metabolic gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Suppose that you observe a mutant E. coli in which CAP is always inactive. In the presence of lactose and low levels of glucose, what would you expect the gene expression from this mutant's lac operon to be?

Which of the following best explains why E. coli shuts down the trp operon if tryptophan is available in the environment?

Each steroid hormone can bind to its own steroid hormone response unit (SHRU) but NOT to the SHRU associated with other steroid hormones.

Which statement refers to genomic imprinting?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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