Exam 13: Gene Structure and Expression

Describe how exon shuffling could lead to the formation of novel proteins.

-Suppose that an mRNA molecule is made complementary to this DNA sequence: 3'-CTTACATGGCATCC-5'. In the genetic code table, the incorporation of which amino acid in the polypeptide is directed by the second codon (assuming the start codon is counted as the first codon)?

Studies of arginine biosynthesis in mutant stains of Neurospora provided evidence of a direct relationship between genes and enzymes, including development of the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis. Who conducted these studies?

Which molecule consists entirely of protein?

What is required to stop transcription in prokaryotes?

Suppose that a mutant organism is unable to make the amino acid arginine. Knowing that the metabolic pathway to production of arginine is ornithine - citrulline - arginosuccinate -arginine, you test the ability of the mutant to grow in the presence of each one of these compounds, providing just one of the compounds in each of your tests. Also suppose that you find that the mutant can grow in the presence of arginosuccinate or arginine, but NOT in the presence of citrulline or ornithine. From this information, which step in the metabolic pathway do you think is blocked?

Which molecule is involved in transcription?

In which part of the ribosome is the growing polypeptide chain positioned during translation?

How is the joining of amino acids catalyzed during translation?

Which region in a tRNA bonds with mRNA during translation? a.the aminoacylation site b.the anticodon c.the cloverleaf d.the TATA box

-Some tRNAs have the ability to pair with different codons due to imprecise base pairing with the third base in the codon. How is this ability described?

Where does the process of translation of nuclear protein-coding genes in eukaryotic cells occur?

How is the process of adding the correct amino acid onto a tRNA molecule catalyzed?

Match each term with its definition. -stop codon

-In the figure of transcription, what is the name of item E?

Suppose that during transcription of a eukaryotic gene, the RNA polymerase does NOT encounter a polyadenylation signal. What aspect of the transcription of this gene would be affected?

Which sentence best describes the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP)?

How does the central dogma describe the flow of information of gene expression?

Why do smooth muscle and skeletal muscle have distinct mRNA forms?

For each item or event, indicate the process it is associated with. -SRP receptor