Question 1

An entity/helpless orientation refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  belief that intelligence can grow as a result of experience. 
B)  belief that intelligence is fixed. 
C)  tendency to attribute success and failure to enduring aspects of the self and to give up in the face of failure. 
D)  tendency to attribute success and failure to amount of effort expended and to persist in the face of failure. 
A)  belief that intelligence can grow as a result of experience. 
B)  belief that intelligence is fixed. 
C)  tendency to attribute success and failure to enduring aspects of the self and to give up in the face of failure. 
D)  tendency to attribute success and failure to amount of effort expended and to persist in the face of failure.

Question 2

The bioecological model stresses the _____ nature of all relationships within the microsystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-dimensional 
B)  direct 
C)  indirect 
D)  bidirectional 
A)  one-dimensional 
B)  direct 
C)  indirect 
D)  bidirectional

Question 3

According to Freud, children's experience of the Electra complex results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of the superego. 
B)  identification with the father. 
C)  infantile amnesia. 
D)  the development of a weaker conscience in girls than in boys. 
A)  the development of the superego. 
B)  identification with the father. 
C)  infantile amnesia. 
D)  the development of a weaker conscience in girls than in boys.

Question 4

According to Freud, in every stage, children:

Accepted Answer

A)  must channel their psychic energy outside of their body. 
B)  face conflicts related to a particular erogenous zone. 
C)  constrain the id with the superego. 
D)  do all of these. 
A)  must channel their psychic energy outside of their body. 
B)  face conflicts related to a particular erogenous zone. 
C)  constrain the id with the superego. 
D)  do all of these.

Question 5

A child watching children's television in Canada in 2001 would see approximately how many acts of violence in one hour?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  40 
D)  60 
A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  40 
D)  60

Question 6

During which stage does the superego develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  anal 
D)  genital 
A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  anal 
D)  genital

Question 7

With respect to the nature of children and development, theories of social cognition emphasize:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-socialization. 
B)  reinforcement and imitation. 
C)  the stages children progress through as they develop. 
D)  the contexts of which children are a part. 
A)  self-socialization. 
B)  reinforcement and imitation. 
C)  the stages children progress through as they develop. 
D)  the contexts of which children are a part.

Question 8

On the issue of continuous versus discontinuous development, theories of social cognition:

Accepted Answer

A)  view development as continuous. 
B)  view development as discontinuous. 
C)  vary as to whether they view development as continuous or discontinuous. 
D)  see the issue of continuity versus discontinuity as irrelevant. 
A)  view development as continuous. 
B)  view development as discontinuous. 
C)  vary as to whether they view development as continuous or discontinuous. 
D)  see the issue of continuity versus discontinuity as irrelevant.

Question 9

John Watson was the founder of:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis. 
B)  behaviourism. 
C)  information-processing approaches. 
D)  imprinting. 
A)  psychoanalysis. 
B)  behaviourism. 
C)  information-processing approaches. 
D)  imprinting.

Question 10

The mesosystem involves the:

Accepted Answer

A)  settings in which the child is not a direct participant. 
B)  general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. 
C)  activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates. 
D)  connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates. 
A)  settings in which the child is not a direct participant. 
B)  general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. 
C)  activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates. 
D)  connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.

Question 11

Parental-investment theory explains the higher rate of murder committed by stepfathers against stepchildren than of murder committed by fathers against biological children in terms of the difference in:

Accepted Answer

A)  time spent with the children. 
B)  genetic similarity. 
C)  attachment. 
D)  societal endorsement. 
A)  time spent with the children. 
B)  genetic similarity. 
C)  attachment. 
D)  societal endorsement.

Question 12

Research by Dweck and colleagues on the association between individuals' theories of intelligence and their math achievement demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  ability-focused praise had a positive influence on math achievement. 
B)  7th-grade students with an entity theory of intelligence had stable math scores over 2 years. 
C)  teaching students to modify their theory of intelligence can lead to an improvement in their grades. 
D)  all of these are true. 
A)  ability-focused praise had a positive influence on math achievement. 
B)  7th-grade students with an entity theory of intelligence had stable math scores over 2 years. 
C)  teaching students to modify their theory of intelligence can lead to an improvement in their grades. 
D)  all of these are true.

Question 13

_____ is an example of the way in which children play an active role in their own development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Behaviour modification 
C)  Operant conditioning 
D)  Systematic desensitization 
A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Behaviour modification 
C)  Operant conditioning 
D)  Systematic desensitization

Question 14

Evolutionary psychologists posit that parents spend the great deal of time and resources that they do in raising their children because:

Accepted Answer

A)  their genes will be perpetuated only if their children survive long enough to reproduce. 
B)  they have been socialized to do so by imitating their own parents. 
C)  their children's affection and attention serve as positive reinforcements. 
D)  their children are imprinted on them. 
A)  their genes will be perpetuated only if their children survive long enough to reproduce. 
B)  they have been socialized to do so by imitating their own parents. 
C)  their children's affection and attention serve as positive reinforcements. 
D)  their children are imprinted on them.

Question 15

Traditional learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive factors 
B)  internal forces 
C)  subjective experience 
D)  external factors 
A)  cognitive factors 
B)  internal forces 
C)  subjective experience 
D)  external factors

Question 16

According to Selman, 6- to 8-year-old children:

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that others' different perspectives stem from possession of different knowledge. 
B)  realize that others have different perspectives and are able to think about others' points of view. 
C)  are able to systematically compare their own and another person's points of view. 
D)  believe that others cannot have a different perspective from their own. 
A)  believe that others' different perspectives stem from possession of different knowledge. 
B)  realize that others have different perspectives and are able to think about others' points of view. 
C)  are able to systematically compare their own and another person's points of view. 
D)  believe that others cannot have a different perspective from their own.

Question 17

Role taking refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  adopting the perspective of another person. 
B)  forming a solid identity. 
C)  becoming intimate with another person. 
D)  deciding on a career path. 
A)  adopting the perspective of another person. 
B)  forming a solid identity. 
C)  becoming intimate with another person. 
D)  deciding on a career path.

Question 18

While Alex is swinging on the school playground's monkey bars, he kicks Michael on the shoulder. If Michael has a hostile attributional bias, he will believe:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alex kicked him intentionally. 
B)  Alex kicked him accidentally. 
C)  he got in Alex's way. 
D)  he deserved to be kicked. 
A)  Alex kicked him intentionally. 
B)  Alex kicked him accidentally. 
C)  he got in Alex's way. 
D)  he deserved to be kicked.

Question 19

Which stage begins with the start of sexual maturation?

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  genital 
D)  oral 
A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  genital 
D)  oral

Question 20

According to Freud, infants are in which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  immediate gratification 
B)  anal 
C)  comfort 
D)  oral 
A)  immediate gratification 
B)  anal 
C)  comfort 
D)  oral

Exam 9: Section 2: Theories of Social Development

An entity/helpless orientation refers to the:

The bioecological model stresses the _____ nature of all relationships within the microsystem.

According to Freud, children's experience of the Electra complex results in:

According to Freud, in every stage, children:

A child watching children's television in Canada in 2001 would see approximately how many acts of violence in one hour?

During which stage does the superego develop?

With respect to the nature of children and development, theories of social cognition emphasize:

On the issue of continuous versus discontinuous development, theories of social cognition:

John Watson was the founder of:

The mesosystem involves the:

Parental-investment theory explains the higher rate of murder committed by stepfathers against stepchildren than of murder committed by fathers against biological children in terms of the difference in:

Research by Dweck and colleagues on the association between individuals' theories of intelligence and their math achievement demonstrated that:

_____ is an example of the way in which children play an active role in their own development.

Evolutionary psychologists posit that parents spend the great deal of time and resources that they do in raising their children because:

Traditional learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development.

According to Selman, 6- to 8-year-old children:

Role taking refers to:

While Alex is swinging on the school playground's monkey bars, he kicks Michael on the shoulder. If Michael has a hostile attributional bias, he will believe:

Which stage begins with the start of sexual maturation?

According to Freud, infants are in which stage of development?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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