Question 1

The chronosystem involves the:

Accepted Answer

A)  settings in which the child is not a direct participant. 
B)  temporal dimension. 
C)  general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. 
D)  activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates. 
A)  settings in which the child is not a direct participant. 
B)  temporal dimension. 
C)  general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. 
D)  activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates.

Question 2

Which description BEST expresses the issue on which the concern about the "digital divide" is centered?

Accepted Answer

A)  children from different backgrounds having progressively less opportunity to interact as computer use becomes more common 
B)  difference in the access to and knowledge of computers among children from different economic backgrounds 
C)  decreased computer use by children as their families' economic health decreases with job loss and/or homelessness 
D)  all of these 
A)  children from different backgrounds having progressively less opportunity to interact as computer use becomes more common 
B)  difference in the access to and knowledge of computers among children from different economic backgrounds 
C)  decreased computer use by children as their families' economic health decreases with job loss and/or homelessness 
D)  all of these

Question 3

Ethological theorists draw a parallel between imprinting in other animals and _____ in humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  the extended period of immaturity 
B)  play preferences of males and females 
C)  innate visual preferences for an oval shape with more components in the top half 
D)  the critical period for attachment 
A)  the extended period of immaturity 
B)  play preferences of males and females 
C)  innate visual preferences for an oval shape with more components in the top half 
D)  the critical period for attachment

Question 4

All of these concepts belong together EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  incremental theory. 
B)  mastery orientation. 
C)  performance. 
D)  learning goals. 
A)  incremental theory. 
B)  mastery orientation. 
C)  performance. 
D)  learning goals.

Question 5

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative vs. guilt 
B)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  basic trust vs. mistrust 
D)  identity vs. role confusion 
A)  initiative vs. guilt 
B)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  basic trust vs. mistrust 
D)  identity vs. role confusion

Question 6

In regard to the association between children's behaviours and child maltreatment, children who are maltreated:

Accepted Answer

A)  do not differ in temperament from other children. 
B)  are so poorly behaved that they are to blame for their maltreatment. 
C)  are more likely to have difficult temperaments than are other children. 
D)  are likely to have easygoing temperaments and thus have difficulty defending themselves against the abuse. 
A)  do not differ in temperament from other children. 
B)  are so poorly behaved that they are to blame for their maltreatment. 
C)  are more likely to have difficult temperaments than are other children. 
D)  are likely to have easygoing temperaments and thus have difficulty defending themselves against the abuse.

Question 7

A hostile attributional bias is a likely result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  poor perceived self-efficacy. 
B)  a maladaptive pattern of reinforcement and punishment. 
C)  physical abuse. 
D)  an entity theory of aggression. 
A)  poor perceived self-efficacy. 
B)  a maladaptive pattern of reinforcement and punishment. 
C)  physical abuse. 
D)  an entity theory of aggression.

Question 8

Which statement about media and children is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Media violence has been found to have little impact on children's aggressive behaviour. 
B)  It is still unclear whether media violence has an impact on children's aggressive behaviour. 
C)  The evidence is clear that media violence has an immediate but not long-term effect on children's aggressive behaviour. 
D)  The evidence is clear that media violence has both an immediate effect and a long-term effect on children's aggressive behaviour. 
A)  Media violence has been found to have little impact on children's aggressive behaviour. 
B)  It is still unclear whether media violence has an impact on children's aggressive behaviour. 
C)  The evidence is clear that media violence has an immediate but not long-term effect on children's aggressive behaviour. 
D)  The evidence is clear that media violence has both an immediate effect and a long-term effect on children's aggressive behaviour.

Question 9

Carlos feels guilty when he disobeys his parents' rule about not eating cookies before dinner. Freud would see Carlos's guilt as a sign that he has developed a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  superego. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  id. 
D)  ego. 
A)  superego. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  id. 
D)  ego.

Question 10

One of the most notable contributions of social cognitive theories is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  can advise parents on how to deal with children's problematic behaviour. 
B)  view the effect of children's social experience as dependent on their interpretations of the experiences. 
C)  focus on the role of the unconscious. 
D)  concentrate on the influence of biological factors on development. 
A)  can advise parents on how to deal with children's problematic behaviour. 
B)  view the effect of children's social experience as dependent on their interpretations of the experiences. 
C)  focus on the role of the unconscious. 
D)  concentrate on the influence of biological factors on development.

Question 11

Social cognitive theories are considered somewhat incomplete because they fail to:

Accepted Answer

A)  discuss the role of biological factors in development. 
B)  see children as actively involved in their own development. 
C)  fully consider cognitive factors. 
D)  have any real-world implications. 
A)  discuss the role of biological factors in development. 
B)  see children as actively involved in their own development. 
C)  fully consider cognitive factors. 
D)  have any real-world implications.

Question 12

According to Dodge's information-processing theory of social problem solving, aggressive children's primary problem is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  have a bias in their interpretations of others' behaviours. 
B)  expect aggressive behaviour to be useful in getting along with others. 
C)  do not possess the ability to formulate socially acceptable goals. 
D)  have a poor capacity to generate strategies to achieve their goals. 
A)  have a bias in their interpretations of others' behaviours. 
B)  expect aggressive behaviour to be useful in getting along with others. 
C)  do not possess the ability to formulate socially acceptable goals. 
D)  have a poor capacity to generate strategies to achieve their goals.

Question 13

The active role children play in their own development is a central focus of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the bioecological approach. 
B)  all ecological theories of development. 
C)  ethology. 
D)  evolutionary psychology. 
A)  the bioecological approach. 
B)  all ecological theories of development. 
C)  ethology. 
D)  evolutionary psychology.

Question 14

During which stage are sexual impulses repressed, leaving energy to be channeled into socially acceptable activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  anal 
D)  genital 
A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  anal 
D)  genital

Question 15

Which statement about Selman's stage theory of role taking is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Before adolescence, children are unable to acknowledge the existence of perspectives different from their own. 
B)  Children's progress through the stages is strongly related to their progress through Piaget's stages. 
C)  Although the theory describes stages, Selman believed that most individuals progress through these changes in a continuous fashion. 
D)  By approximately age 10, children can assess whether another person's view is typical of most people in their social group. 
A)  Before adolescence, children are unable to acknowledge the existence of perspectives different from their own. 
B)  Children's progress through the stages is strongly related to their progress through Piaget's stages. 
C)  Although the theory describes stages, Selman believed that most individuals progress through these changes in a continuous fashion. 
D)  By approximately age 10, children can assess whether another person's view is typical of most people in their social group.

Question 16

According to Freud, _____ is a way in which the ego protects the individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  internalization 
C)  systematic desensitization 
D)  none of these 
A)  repression 
B)  internalization 
C)  systematic desensitization 
D)  none of these

Question 17

Parental-investment theory can be used to explain:

Accepted Answer

A)  differences in rates of child abuse perpetrated against biological children versus stepchildren. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  societal changes in views of women in the workforce. 
D)  hostile attributional biases. 
A)  differences in rates of child abuse perpetrated against biological children versus stepchildren. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  societal changes in views of women in the workforce. 
D)  hostile attributional biases.

Question 18

According to Freud, which personality structure develops first?

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  superid 
C)  ego 
D)  superego 
A)  id 
B)  superid 
C)  ego 
D)  superego

Question 19

Which sequence lists the stages of Freud's theory in the correct developmental order?

Accepted Answer

A)  anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital 
B)  oral, latency, genital, phallic, anal 
C)  genital, oral, anal, phallic, latency 
D)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
A)  anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital 
B)  oral, latency, genital, phallic, anal 
C)  genital, oral, anal, phallic, latency 
D)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 20

Psychoanalytic theories view development as driven by:

Accepted Answer

A)  external factors. 
B)  biological maturation. 
C)  the multiple contexts in which children develop. 
D)  children's active shaping of their own development. 
A)  external factors. 
B)  biological maturation. 
C)  the multiple contexts in which children develop. 
D)  children's active shaping of their own development.

Exam 9: Section 2: Theories of Social Development

The chronosystem involves the:

Which description BEST expresses the issue on which the concern about the "digital divide" is centered?

Ethological theorists draw a parallel between imprinting in other animals and _____ in humans.

All of these concepts belong together EXCEPT:

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

In regard to the association between children's behaviours and child maltreatment, children who are maltreated:

A hostile attributional bias is a likely result of:

Which statement about media and children is true?

Carlos feels guilty when he disobeys his parents' rule about not eating cookies before dinner. Freud would see Carlos's guilt as a sign that he has developed a(n):

One of the most notable contributions of social cognitive theories is that they:

Social cognitive theories are considered somewhat incomplete because they fail to:

According to Dodge's information-processing theory of social problem solving, aggressive children's primary problem is that they:

The active role children play in their own development is a central focus of:

During which stage are sexual impulses repressed, leaving energy to be channeled into socially acceptable activities?

Which statement about Selman's stage theory of role taking is true?

According to Freud, _____ is a way in which the ego protects the individual.

Parental-investment theory can be used to explain:

According to Freud, which personality structure develops first?

Which sequence lists the stages of Freud's theory in the correct developmental order?

Psychoanalytic theories view development as driven by:

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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