Question 1

Which concept is MOST closely related to a hostile attributional bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  entity theory 
B)  incremental theory 
C)  performance goals 
D)  learning goals 
A)  entity theory 
B)  incremental theory 
C)  performance goals 
D)  learning goals

Question 2

Parents who maltreat their children:

Accepted Answer

A)  always have a dependency on alcohol or illegal drugs. 
B)  tend to have poor social support. 
C)  are usually fathers. 
D)  are always poor. 
A)  always have a dependency on alcohol or illegal drugs. 
B)  tend to have poor social support. 
C)  are usually fathers. 
D)  are always poor.

Question 3

Behaviour modification is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  way to help children overcome a hostile attributional bias. 
B)  approach used to help people conquer their fears. 
C)  form of therapy that is useful for changing undesirable behaviours. 
D)  treatment to cure autism. 
A)  way to help children overcome a hostile attributional bias. 
B)  approach used to help people conquer their fears. 
C)  form of therapy that is useful for changing undesirable behaviours. 
D)  treatment to cure autism.

Question 4

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that the prolonged period of human children's immaturity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  wasteful. 
B)  a result of the nested structure of human contexts. 
C)  caused by parents' reinforcement of children's immature behaviour. 
D)  adaptive. 
A)  wasteful. 
B)  a result of the nested structure of human contexts. 
C)  caused by parents' reinforcement of children's immature behaviour. 
D)  adaptive.

Question 5

With his information-processing theory of social problem solving, Kenneth Dodge is particularly interested in children's:

Accepted Answer

A)  ability to take the perspective of others. 
B)  use of aggression as a strategy. 
C)  propensity to learn from others' rewards and punishment. 
D)  reactions to failure. 
A)  ability to take the perspective of others. 
B)  use of aggression as a strategy. 
C)  propensity to learn from others' rewards and punishment. 
D)  reactions to failure.

Question 6

Which statement about intermittent reinforcement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intermittent reinforcement is effective only with adults. 
B)  Behaviours supported by intermittent reinforcement are difficult to extinguish. 
C)  Intermittent reinforcement is the key to behaviour modification. 
D)  The discipline strategy of "time out" is based on intermittent reinforcement. 
A)  Intermittent reinforcement is effective only with adults. 
B)  Behaviours supported by intermittent reinforcement are difficult to extinguish. 
C)  Intermittent reinforcement is the key to behaviour modification. 
D)  The discipline strategy of "time out" is based on intermittent reinforcement.

Question 7

Albert Bandura was a proponent of which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocial theory 
B)  ecological theory 
C)  behaviourism 
D)  social learning theory 
A)  psychosocial theory 
B)  ecological theory 
C)  behaviourism 
D)  social learning theory

Question 8

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an effect of media violence on children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Media violence heightens viewers' psychological arousal. 
B)  Media violence increases viewers' emotional sensitivity to violence. 
C)  Media violence teaches new behaviours and inspires imitation. 
D)  Media violence increases accessibility of viewers' own aggressive thoughts and tendencies. 
A)  Media violence heightens viewers' psychological arousal. 
B)  Media violence increases viewers' emotional sensitivity to violence. 
C)  Media violence teaches new behaviours and inspires imitation. 
D)  Media violence increases accessibility of viewers' own aggressive thoughts and tendencies.

Question 9

Media is located in which bioecological level?

Accepted Answer

A)  exosystem 
B)  macrosystem 
C)  microsystem 
D)  mesosystem 
A)  exosystem 
B)  macrosystem 
C)  microsystem 
D)  mesosystem

Question 10

The fact that 30% of Canadian children would give their real names and addresses to sign up for a Web site is a concern to adults for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes the children susceptible to pedophiles. 
B)  It suggests the children may not be good decision makers when it comes to school. 
C)  It indicates that children care more about the digital world that the "real" world. 
D)  It makes children more susceptible to advertisers of unhealthy foods and beverages. 
A)  It makes the children susceptible to pedophiles. 
B)  It suggests the children may not be good decision makers when it comes to school. 
C)  It indicates that children care more about the digital world that the "real" world. 
D)  It makes children more susceptible to advertisers of unhealthy foods and beverages.

Question 11

All of these concepts belong together EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  entity theory. 
B)  helpless orientation. 
C)  performance goals. 
D)  effort. 
A)  entity theory. 
B)  helpless orientation. 
C)  performance goals. 
D)  effort.

Question 12

In which of the following scenarios is an unintended death of a child (e.g. a drowning) MOST likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  in a single parent home 
B)  when the child is being raised by his or her grandparents 
C)  when a child is being raised by his or her biological parents who are in the midst of separating 
D)  in a household with at least one step-parent 
A)  in a single parent home 
B)  when the child is being raised by his or her grandparents 
C)  when a child is being raised by his or her biological parents who are in the midst of separating 
D)  in a household with at least one step-parent

Question 13

According to Freud, children begin to identify with their same-sex parent in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  genital 
B)  phallic 
C)  latency 
D)  anal 
A)  genital 
B)  phallic 
C)  latency 
D)  anal

Question 14

Operant conditioning relies on the expectation that individuals:

Accepted Answer

A)  can reduce their fear of objects or experiences if they are repeatedly exposed to them. 
B)  are programmed to imitate others' behaviours and reactions. 
C)  tend to repeat behaviours that lead to favorable outcomes and stop behaviours that result in unfavorable outcomes. 
D)  are able to think and reason about their behaviours. 
A)  can reduce their fear of objects or experiences if they are repeatedly exposed to them. 
B)  are programmed to imitate others' behaviours and reactions. 
C)  tend to repeat behaviours that lead to favorable outcomes and stop behaviours that result in unfavorable outcomes. 
D)  are able to think and reason about their behaviours.

Question 15

The Oedipus complex occurs during which of Freud's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  latency 
B)  genital 
C)  oral 
D)  phallic 
A)  latency 
B)  genital 
C)  oral 
D)  phallic

Question 16

Even though his parents have explained to him that it is dishonest and therefore wrong to tell lies, Zachary once again lies to his sister about where her favorite blanket is. Shortly after doing so, he feels intensely sorry for what he has done. According to Erikson's theory, Zachary appears as if he has successfully resolved which crisis?

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
B)  industry vs. inferiority 
C)  initiative vs. guilt 
D)  basic trust vs. mistrust 
A)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
B)  industry vs. inferiority 
C)  initiative vs. guilt 
D)  basic trust vs. mistrust

Question 17

In Canada, at which age is a child MOST likely to be murdered by his or her parent?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 year 
B)  3 years 
C)  5 years 
D)  7 years 
A)  1 year 
B)  3 years 
C)  5 years 
D)  7 years

Question 18

Which property is NOT a goal theorized by Erikson to be important?

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiation 
B)  trust 
C)  identity 
D)  initiative 
A)  differentiation 
B)  trust 
C)  identity 
D)  initiative

Question 19

The _____ is NOT a personality structure hypothesized by Freud.

Accepted Answer

A)  ego 
B)  superego 
C)  id 
D)  superid 
A)  ego 
B)  superego 
C)  id 
D)  superid

Question 20

Children spend the MOST time in which activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  going to school 
B)  nonspecific play with friends 
C)  athletics 
D)  media interaction 
A)  going to school 
B)  nonspecific play with friends 
C)  athletics 
D)  media interaction

Exam 9: Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Which concept is MOST closely related to a hostile attributional bias?

Parents who maltreat their children:

Behaviour modification is a(n):

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that the prolonged period of human children's immaturity is:

With his information-processing theory of social problem solving, Kenneth Dodge is particularly interested in children's:

Which statement about intermittent reinforcement is true?

Albert Bandura was a proponent of which theory?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an effect of media violence on children?

Media is located in which bioecological level?

The fact that 30% of Canadian children would give their real names and addresses to sign up for a Web site is a concern to adults for which reason?

All of these concepts belong together EXCEPT:

In which of the following scenarios is an unintended death of a child (e.g. a drowning) MOST likely to happen?

According to Freud, children begin to identify with their same-sex parent in the _____ stage.

Operant conditioning relies on the expectation that individuals:

The Oedipus complex occurs during which of Freud's stages?

In Canada, at which age is a child MOST likely to be murdered by his or her parent?

Which property is NOT a goal theorized by Erikson to be important?

The _____ is NOT a personality structure hypothesized by Freud.

Children spend the MOST time in which activity?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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