Exam 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

What is the name of a cellular phenomenon in which cells produce small RNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit their translation into proteins? What are the small RNAs that bind to these specific mRNAs called?

The drugs that lower LDL concentration in the blood function by ________.

What is the name for a brief incubation of a tissue with radioactivity during which labeled amino acids are incorporated into protein?

The process of membrane fusion and subsequent content discharge is called ______ and is usually triggered by a release of ______.

If amoebae are treated with cytochalasin B,an inhibitor of actin polymerization,phagocytosis stops.Why is this so?

What circumstantial evidence supports the proposed role of the Rabs in recruiting cytosolic tethering proteins to specific membrane surfaces?

What subunit(s)of the COPII coat bind(s)to the vesicle membrane to form the outer structural cage of the protein coat?

The inner leaflet of the plasma membrane contains elevated levels of PI(4,5)P₂,which plays an important role in the recruitment of proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis,like ______ and ______?

What appears to be an early step in the process of vesicle fusion to its target compartment?

How and where is the asymmetry of the phospholipid bilayers initially established?

What allows the interface between the Sec13-Sec31 subunits to form cages of varying diameter,thus accommodating vesicles of varying size?

Radioactive phospholipid precursors are exposed to growing cells in a brief pulse.After a chase with nonlabeled phospholipid precursors,it is clear that the label appears first over the endoplasmic reticulum.Some time later,the label appears in the cell membrane after being seen in the Golgi complex and cytoplasmic vesicles.To what conclusion do the data lead you?

Which of the following carbohydrates is not synthesized in the Golgi complex?

How do protein coats select the cargo molecules to be carried by the vesicles they help to form?

What acts as an address directing lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes?

With what structure is the RER often seen to be continuous,as seen by its association with ribosomes?

What do studies suggest governs the "decision" to destroy a defective protein that has been unable to fold correctly and has been in the ER for an extended period of time?

Which part of the Golgi complex is thought to function primarily as a sorting station that distinguishes between proteins to be shipped back to the ER and those that are allowed to proceed to the next Golgi station?

You homogenize a cell and isolate from it vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.When their biochemistry is analyzed,they are found to have the ability to synthesize testosterone.From what type of ER are they derived?

The movement of vesicular-tubular carriers (VTCs)farther away from the ER and toward the Golgi complex occurs along tracks composed of what material?