Question 1

Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders with substrate reduction therapy involves _______.

Accepted Answer

A) targeting functional copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
B) targeting mutant copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
C) targeting functional copies of another enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
D) administration of small molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of the substances that accumulate in the disease 
E) administration of large molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of the substances that accumulate in the disease 
A) targeting functional copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
B) targeting mutant copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
C) targeting functional copies of another enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
D) administration of small molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of the substances that accumulate in the disease 
E) administration of large molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of the substances that accumulate in the disease

Question 2

Lipid species like the phosphoinositides can have a dynamic regulatory role because _______.

Accepted Answer

A) it can be rapidly formed by enzymes localized at particular places within the cell 
B) it can be rapidly formed by enzymes localized at particular times within the cell 
C) it can be rapidly destroyed by enzymes localized at particular places within the cell 
D) it can be rapidly destroyed by enzymes localized at particular times within the cell 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) it can be rapidly formed by enzymes localized at particular places within the cell 
B) it can be rapidly formed by enzymes localized at particular times within the cell 
C) it can be rapidly destroyed by enzymes localized at particular places within the cell 
D) it can be rapidly destroyed by enzymes localized at particular times within the cell 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 3

What is a lysosomal storage disease?

Accepted Answer

A lysosomal storage disease arises when

Question 4

How many subcompartments do peroxisomes have into which an imported protein can be placed?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 3 or 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 3 or 4

Question 5

What are the recognition signals for lysosomal enzymes that allow them to be localized correctly in lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosomal enzymes possess sulfated mannose residues on N-linked carbohydrate chains. 
B) Lysosomal enzymes possess phosphorylated mannose residues on N-linked carbohydrate chains. 
C) Lysosomal enzymes possess phosphorylated mannose residues on O-linked carbohydrate chains. 
D) Lysosomal enzymes possess sulfated mannose residues on O-linked carbohydrate chains. 
E) Lysosomal enzymes possess phosphorylated glucose residues on N-linked carbohydrate chains. 
A) Lysosomal enzymes possess sulfated mannose residues on N-linked carbohydrate chains. 
B) Lysosomal enzymes possess phosphorylated mannose residues on N-linked carbohydrate chains. 
C) Lysosomal enzymes possess phosphorylated mannose residues on O-linked carbohydrate chains. 
D) Lysosomal enzymes possess sulfated mannose residues on O-linked carbohydrate chains. 
E) Lysosomal enzymes possess phosphorylated glucose residues on N-linked carbohydrate chains.

Question 6

Explain how lysosomes become bloated in patients who suffer from I-cell disease.

Accepted Answer

Lysosomal enzymes in I-cell patients lac

Question 7

Why is RNAi now used as a strategy for investigating the effect of a missing protein more often than generating an organism that possesses a mutant gene?

Accepted Answer

A) It is easier to generate an organism that possesses a mutant gene than to synthesize a small RNA. 
B) Small RNAs are less stable than organisms. 
C) Mutant genes are much easier to synthesize. 
D) It is easier to synthesize a small RNA than to generate an organism that possesses a mutant gene. 
E) Small RNAs are much more sensitive. 
A) It is easier to generate an organism that possesses a mutant gene than to synthesize a small RNA. 
B) Small RNAs are less stable than organisms. 
C) Mutant genes are much easier to synthesize. 
D) It is easier to synthesize a small RNA than to generate an organism that possesses a mutant gene. 
E) Small RNAs are much more sensitive.

Question 8

Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?

Accepted Answer

A) COPII-coated vesicles 
B) COPI-coated vesicles 
C) clathrin-coated vesicles 
D) cadmium-coated vesicles 
E) both COPII-coated vesicles and COPI-coated vesicles 
A) COPII-coated vesicles 
B) COPI-coated vesicles 
C) clathrin-coated vesicles 
D) cadmium-coated vesicles 
E) both COPII-coated vesicles and COPI-coated vesicles

Question 9

Treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with enzyme replacement therapy involves _______.

Accepted Answer

A) targeting functional copies of the missing enzyme to the precise cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
B) targeting mutant copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
C) targeting functional copies of another enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
D) administration of small molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease 
E) administration of large molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease 
A) targeting functional copies of the missing enzyme to the precise cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
B) targeting mutant copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
C) targeting functional copies of another enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
D) administration of small molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease 
E) administration of large molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease

Question 10

The outer and inner chloroplast membranes contain distinct translocation complexes named ________,respectively,that work together during protein import.

Accepted Answer

A) Toc and Tic complexes 
B) Tic and Toc complexes 
C) Tick and Tock complexes 
D) Tock and Tick complexes 
E) Tock and Tic complexes 
A) Toc and Tic complexes 
B) Tic and Toc complexes 
C) Tick and Tock complexes 
D) Tock and Tick complexes 
E) Tock and Tic complexes

Question 11

What is thought to mediate the initial contacts between a transport vesicle and its target membrane,like a Golgi cisterna? Describe the two groups of tethering proteins.

Accepted Answer

The initial contacts between a transport

Question 12

How do early endosomes mature into late endosomes? How is this population of vesicles formed? What name is often given to late endosomes because of the population of vesicles located inside the endosome?

Accepted Answer

They do so progressively.The transformat

Question 13

What does the conformation-sensing enzyme GT do if it binds to a misfolded or incompletely folded glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A) It degrades the oligosaccharide chain. 
B) It adds a single mannose back to one of the glucose residues at the exposed end of the recently trimmed oligosaccharide. 
C) It adds a single glucose back to one of the mannose residues at the exposed end of the recently trimmed oligosaccharide. 
D) It degrades the protein. 
E) It refolds the protein on its own. 
A) It degrades the oligosaccharide chain. 
B) It adds a single mannose back to one of the glucose residues at the exposed end of the recently trimmed oligosaccharide. 
C) It adds a single glucose back to one of the mannose residues at the exposed end of the recently trimmed oligosaccharide. 
D) It degrades the protein. 
E) It refolds the protein on its own.

Question 14

What protein is associated with HDL particles?

Accepted Answer

A) Large LDL particle B-100 
B) LDLenin 
C) apolipoprotein B-100 
D) statin 
E) apolipoprotein A-1 
A) Large LDL particle B-100 
B) LDLenin 
C) apolipoprotein B-100 
D) statin 
E) apolipoprotein A-1

Question 15

People with Niemann-Pick type C disease suffer from what defect?

Accepted Answer

A) They lack one of two lysosomal enzymes. 
B) They cannot degrade HDL particles. 
C) They cannot degrade LDL particles. 
D) They lack one of the proteins needed to transport cholesterol out of lysosomes. 
E) Their LDL receptors are nonfunctional. 
A) They lack one of two lysosomal enzymes. 
B) They cannot degrade HDL particles. 
C) They cannot degrade LDL particles. 
D) They lack one of the proteins needed to transport cholesterol out of lysosomes. 
E) Their LDL receptors are nonfunctional.

Question 16

What helps to give different membrane compartments their own unique surface identity?

Accepted Answer

A) the different proteins contained within them 
B) the different surface nucleotides in each one 
C) the different shapes of the different membrane compartments 
D) the degree of concentration of the contents of the membrane compartments 
A) the different proteins contained within them 
B) the different surface nucleotides in each one 
C) the different shapes of the different membrane compartments 
D) the degree of concentration of the contents of the membrane compartments

Question 17

Once the digestive process in an autophagolysosome is completed,the organelle is called a(n)_____.If its contents are not eliminated from the cell by exocytosis and are instead retained within the cytoplasm indefinitely,it is called a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

A) lipofuscin granule,residual body 
B) residual body,autophagosome 
C) residual body,lipofuscin granule 
D) lipofuscin granule,autophagosome 
E) autophagosome,lipofuscin granule 
A) lipofuscin granule,residual body 
B) residual body,autophagosome 
C) residual body,lipofuscin granule 
D) lipofuscin granule,autophagosome 
E) autophagosome,lipofuscin granule

Question 18

The vesicle containing material taken into the cell by phagocytosis is called a(n)_________.

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytosome 
B) vacuolosome 
C) phagosome 
D) phagolysosome 
E) exosome 
A) phagocytosome 
B) vacuolosome 
C) phagosome 
D) phagolysosome 
E) exosome

Question 19

What happens if the UPR is unsuccessful in relieving the stressful conditions in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell grows. 
B) The cell divides. 
C) The cell-death pathway is triggered and the cell is destroyed. 
D) The cell shrinks. 
E) The cell's temperature is raised. 
A) The cell grows. 
B) The cell divides. 
C) The cell-death pathway is triggered and the cell is destroyed. 
D) The cell shrinks. 
E) The cell's temperature is raised.

Question 20

What leads to the degradation of the contents of late endosomes by lysosomal enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) secretion of lysosomal enzymes into late endosomes 
B) transport of lysosomal enzymes into late endosomes through specialized pore complexes 
C) fusion of late endosomes containing intralumenal vesicles with a lysosome. 
D) fusion of early endosomes with lysosomes;late endosomes lowering their internal pH activating the enzymes 
E) late endosomes synthesizing lysosomal enzymes that then degrade the contents 
A) secretion of lysosomal enzymes into late endosomes 
B) transport of lysosomal enzymes into late endosomes through specialized pore complexes 
C) fusion of late endosomes containing intralumenal vesicles with a lysosome. 
D) fusion of early endosomes with lysosomes;late endosomes lowering their internal pH activating the enzymes 
E) late endosomes synthesizing lysosomal enzymes that then degrade the contents

Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders with substrate reduction therapy involves _______.

Lipid species like the phosphoinositides can have a dynamic regulatory role because _______.

What is a lysosomal storage disease?

How many subcompartments do peroxisomes have into which an imported protein can be placed?

What are the recognition signals for lysosomal enzymes that allow them to be localized correctly in lysosomes?

Explain how lysosomes become bloated in patients who suffer from I-cell disease.

Why is RNAi now used as a strategy for investigating the effect of a missing protein more often than generating an organism that possesses a mutant gene?

Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?

Treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with enzyme replacement therapy involves _______.

The outer and inner chloroplast membranes contain distinct translocation complexes named ________,respectively,that work together during protein import.

What is thought to mediate the initial contacts between a transport vesicle and its target membrane,like a Golgi cisterna? Describe the two groups of tethering proteins.

How do early endosomes mature into late endosomes? How is this population of vesicles formed? What name is often given to late endosomes because of the population of vesicles located inside the endosome?

What does the conformation-sensing enzyme GT do if it binds to a misfolded or incompletely folded glycoprotein?

What protein is associated with HDL particles?

People with Niemann-Pick type C disease suffer from what defect?

What helps to give different membrane compartments their own unique surface identity?

Once the digestive process in an autophagolysosome is completed,the organelle is called a(n)_.If its contents are not eliminated from the cell by exocytosis and are instead retained within the cytoplasm indefinitely,it is called a(n)___.

The vesicle containing material taken into the cell by phagocytosis is called a(n)_________.

What happens if the UPR is unsuccessful in relieving the stressful conditions in the cell?

What leads to the degradation of the contents of late endosomes by lysosomal enzymes?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders with substrate reduction therapy involves _______.

Lipid species like the phosphoinositides can have a dynamic regulatory role because _______.

What is a lysosomal storage disease?

How many subcompartments do peroxisomes have into which an imported protein can be placed?

What are the recognition signals for lysosomal enzymes that allow them to be localized correctly in lysosomes?

Explain how lysosomes become bloated in patients who suffer from I-cell disease.

Why is RNAi now used as a strategy for investigating the effect of a missing protein more often than generating an organism that possesses a mutant gene?

Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?

Treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with enzyme replacement therapy involves _______.

The outer and inner chloroplast membranes contain distinct translocation complexes named ________,respectively,that work together during protein import.

What is thought to mediate the initial contacts between a transport vesicle and its target membrane,like a Golgi cisterna? Describe the two groups of tethering proteins.

How do early endosomes mature into late endosomes? How is this population of vesicles formed? What name is often given to late endosomes because of the population of vesicles located inside the endosome?

What does the conformation-sensing enzyme GT do if it binds to a misfolded or incompletely folded glycoprotein?

What protein is associated with HDL particles?

People with Niemann-Pick type C disease suffer from what defect?

What helps to give different membrane compartments their own unique surface identity?

Once the digestive process in an autophagolysosome is completed,the organelle is called a(n)_____.If its contents are not eliminated from the cell by exocytosis and are instead retained within the cytoplasm indefinitely,it is called a(n)_______.

The vesicle containing material taken into the cell by phagocytosis is called a(n)_________.

What happens if the UPR is unsuccessful in relieving the stressful conditions in the cell?

What leads to the degradation of the contents of late endosomes by lysosomal enzymes?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Once the digestive process in an autophagolysosome is completed,the organelle is called a(n)_.If its contents are not eliminated from the cell by exocytosis and are instead retained within the cytoplasm indefinitely,it is called a(n)___.