Question 1

What enzyme transfers a block of sugars to asparagine residues of a polypeptide as it enters the RER?

Accepted Answer

A) glycosyltransferase 
B) acid phosphatase 
C) oligosaccharyltransferase 
D) cellulose 
E) glycolase 
A) glycosyltransferase 
B) acid phosphatase 
C) oligosaccharyltransferase 
D) cellulose 
E) glycolase

Question 2

To what site does Sar1 bind after it binds to GTP?

Accepted Answer

A) the luminal leaflet of the ER membrane 
B) the luminal leaflet of the ER membrane. 
C) the cytosolic leaflet of the ER bilayer 
D) the luminal leaflet of the Golgi membrane 
E) the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. 
A) the luminal leaflet of the ER membrane 
B) the luminal leaflet of the ER membrane. 
C) the cytosolic leaflet of the ER bilayer 
D) the luminal leaflet of the Golgi membrane 
E) the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane.

Question 3

What are the differences between early and late endosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) Early endosomes exchange their Rab5 proteins for Rab7 proteins as they transform into late endosomes. 
B) Late endosomes have a population of vesicles crowding their interior;early endosomes do not. 
C) Late endosomes exhibit a lower pH than early endosomes. 
D) In late endosomes,the outer boundary membrane has budded inward on its lumenal surface creating a group of vesicles. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) Early endosomes exchange their Rab5 proteins for Rab7 proteins as they transform into late endosomes. 
B) Late endosomes have a population of vesicles crowding their interior;early endosomes do not. 
C) Late endosomes exhibit a lower pH than early endosomes. 
D) In late endosomes,the outer boundary membrane has budded inward on its lumenal surface creating a group of vesicles. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 4

Based on what is known about the involvement of calcium ions in exocytosis,what should happen if Ca2+ ions are injected into a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Secretion stops. 
B) Wholesale exocytosis of secretory product occurs. 
C) Wholesale endocytosis of secretory product occurs 
D) Wholesale exocytosis of nuclear contents occurs. 
E) Endocytosis rates are accelerated. 
A) Secretion stops. 
B) Wholesale exocytosis of secretory product occurs. 
C) Wholesale endocytosis of secretory product occurs 
D) Wholesale exocytosis of nuclear contents occurs. 
E) Endocytosis rates are accelerated.

Question 5

Which pH below would be most likely to favor the operation of a lysosomal enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) 8.5 
B) 7.6 
C) 4.5 
D) 11.3 
E) 6.5 
A) 8.5 
B) 7.6 
C) 4.5 
D) 11.3 
E) 6.5

Question 6

Where are misfolded secretory proteins eventually destroyed?

Accepted Answer

A) in the RER 
B) in the SER 
C) in the Golgi complex 
D) in the cytosol (cytoplasm) 
E) in the nucleus 
A) in the RER 
B) in the SER 
C) in the Golgi complex 
D) in the cytosol (cytoplasm) 
E) in the nucleus

Question 7

A tissue that secretes a number of proteins is exposed in culture to radiolabeled amino acids for a very short period of time and then fixed immediately and prepared for autoradiography.What is seen after the autoradiograms are prepared?

Accepted Answer

Exposed silver grains are seen

Question 8

Which procedure below would lead to the visualization of the dynamic movements of specific proteins as they move through a single living cell? The proteins can be seen through the microscope eyepiece and the cells do not have to be killed for the protein to be detected.

Accepted Answer

A) pulse-chase 
B) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the protein that is to be tracked through the cell 
C) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the gene encoding the protein to be tracked through the cell 
D) pulse-chase using fluorescent antibodies 
E) all of these are correct 
A) pulse-chase 
B) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the protein that is to be tracked through the cell 
C) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the gene encoding the protein to be tracked through the cell 
D) pulse-chase using fluorescent antibodies 
E) all of these are correct

Question 9

I-cell disease is typified by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) lysosomes bloated with undegraded materials 
B) the production of normal levels of lysosomal enzymes without the mannose 6-phosphate residues normally present 
C) lysosomal enzymes being secreted by the cell because they have not been targeted to lysosomes 
D) a deficiency in N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) lysosomes bloated with undegraded materials 
B) the production of normal levels of lysosomal enzymes without the mannose 6-phosphate residues normally present 
C) lysosomal enzymes being secreted by the cell because they have not been targeted to lysosomes 
D) a deficiency in N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 10

Which molecule below is a GTP-binding protein that is required for the release of a clathrin-coated vesicle from the membrane on which it was formed?

Accepted Answer

A) AP2 
B) GGA 
C) clathrin 
D) dynamin 
E) opsonin 
A) AP2 
B) GGA 
C) clathrin 
D) dynamin 
E) opsonin

Question 11

Cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)strain in which a viral gene (VSVG)is fused to the green fluorescent protein gene.When the chimeric protein is synthesized,what pathway does it follow from synthesis until it leaves the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) RER,Golgi complex,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
B) RER,Golgi complex,viral envelopes,plasma membrane 
C) Golgi complex,RER,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
D) RER,Golgi complex,mitochondria,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
E) RER,mitochondria,Golgi complex,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
A) RER,Golgi complex,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
B) RER,Golgi complex,viral envelopes,plasma membrane 
C) Golgi complex,RER,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
D) RER,Golgi complex,mitochondria,plasma membrane,viral envelopes 
E) RER,mitochondria,Golgi complex,plasma membrane,viral envelopes

Question 12

What is thought to shield lysosomal membranes against attack by their enclosed enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) basic RNA 
C) carbohydrate chains attached to integral membrane proteins 
D) carbohydrate chains attached to peripheral membrane proteins 
E) the lipid bilayer itself 
A) DNA 
B) basic RNA 
C) carbohydrate chains attached to integral membrane proteins 
D) carbohydrate chains attached to peripheral membrane proteins 
E) the lipid bilayer itself

Question 13

Signaling receptors are usually marked for endocytosis and subsequent destruction by the covalent attachment of a "tag" to the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor while it resides at the cell surface.What is the name of the "tag"?

Accepted Answer

A) ubiquitin 
B) transferrin 
C) opsonin 
D) chaperonin 
E) complexin 
A) ubiquitin 
B) transferrin 
C) opsonin 
D) chaperonin 
E) complexin

Question 14

What is the general name for a molecule that physically links two different types of materials?

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes 
B) adaptors 
C) structural proteins 
D) receptors 
E) polynucleotides 
A) enzymes 
B) adaptors 
C) structural proteins 
D) receptors 
E) polynucleotides

Question 15

Which endosomes are typically located near the peripheral region of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) late endosomes 
B) early endosomes 
C) medial lysosomes 
D) medial endosomes 
E) intellosomes 
A) late endosomes 
B) early endosomes 
C) medial lysosomes 
D) medial endosomes 
E) intellosomes

Question 16

Vesicles that move through the Golgi complex from a trans-donor to a cis-acceptor membrane are said to move in a(n)__________ direction.

Accepted Answer

A) astrograde 
B) anterograde 
C) retrograde 
D) awful grade 
E) verigrade 
A) astrograde 
B) anterograde 
C) retrograde 
D) awful grade 
E) verigrade

Question 17

What recognizes ubiquitinated signaling receptors and sorts them into the membranes that give rise to the internal vesicles of the late endosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) ESCRT complexes 
B) CREST complexes 
C) ESCORT complexes 
D) RESCT complexes 
E) lysosomes 
A) ESCRT complexes 
B) CREST complexes 
C) ESCORT complexes 
D) RESCT complexes 
E) lysosomes

Question 18

What molecules do the AP2 adaptors of the clathrin coat connect?

Accepted Answer

A) GGA adaptors and clathrin molecules 
B) the cytoplasmic tails of specific membrane receptors and clathrin molecules 
C) the luminal tails of specific membrane receptors and clathrin molecules 
D) the clathrin molecules and cargo molecules 
E) cargo molecules and the cytoplasmic tails of specific membrane receptors 
A) GGA adaptors and clathrin molecules 
B) the cytoplasmic tails of specific membrane receptors and clathrin molecules 
C) the luminal tails of specific membrane receptors and clathrin molecules 
D) the clathrin molecules and cargo molecules 
E) cargo molecules and the cytoplasmic tails of specific membrane receptors

Question 19

What happens if misfolded proteins are generated in the ER at a faster rate than they can be exported to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A) They are degraded in the ER. 
B) They are inserted into the ER membrane. 
C) They are resynthesized in the ER. 
D) They accumulate in the ER. 
E) They accumulate in the Golgi complex. 
A) They are degraded in the ER. 
B) They are inserted into the ER membrane. 
C) They are resynthesized in the ER. 
D) They accumulate in the ER. 
E) They accumulate in the Golgi complex.

Question 20

What are the two functional categories of SNAREs?

Accepted Answer

A) v-SNAREs and g-SNAREs 
B) t-SNAREs and g-SNAREs 
C) v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs 
D) v-SNAREs and er-SNAREs 
E) er-SNAREs and g-SNAREs 
A) v-SNAREs and g-SNAREs 
B) t-SNAREs and g-SNAREs 
C) v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs 
D) v-SNAREs and er-SNAREs 
E) er-SNAREs and g-SNAREs

What enzyme transfers a block of sugars to asparagine residues of a polypeptide as it enters the RER?

To what site does Sar1 bind after it binds to GTP?

What are the differences between early and late endosomes?

Based on what is known about the involvement of calcium ions in exocytosis,what should happen if Ca²⁺ ions are injected into a cell?

Which pH below would be most likely to favor the operation of a lysosomal enzyme?

Where are misfolded secretory proteins eventually destroyed?

A tissue that secretes a number of proteins is exposed in culture to radiolabeled amino acids for a very short period of time and then fixed immediately and prepared for autoradiography.What is seen after the autoradiograms are prepared?

Which procedure below would lead to the visualization of the dynamic movements of specific proteins as they move through a single living cell? The proteins can be seen through the microscope eyepiece and the cells do not have to be killed for the protein to be detected.

I-cell disease is typified by __________.

Which molecule below is a GTP-binding protein that is required for the release of a clathrin-coated vesicle from the membrane on which it was formed?

Cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)strain in which a viral gene (VSVG)is fused to the green fluorescent protein gene.When the chimeric protein is synthesized,what pathway does it follow from synthesis until it leaves the cell?

What is thought to shield lysosomal membranes against attack by their enclosed enzymes?

Signaling receptors are usually marked for endocytosis and subsequent destruction by the covalent attachment of a "tag" to the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor while it resides at the cell surface.What is the name of the "tag"?

What is the general name for a molecule that physically links two different types of materials?

Which endosomes are typically located near the peripheral region of the cell?

Vesicles that move through the Golgi complex from a trans-donor to a cis-acceptor membrane are said to move in a(n)__________ direction.

What recognizes ubiquitinated signaling receptors and sorts them into the membranes that give rise to the internal vesicles of the late endosomes?

What molecules do the AP2 adaptors of the clathrin coat connect?

What happens if misfolded proteins are generated in the ER at a faster rate than they can be exported to the cytoplasm?

What are the two functional categories of SNAREs?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

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Exam 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

What enzyme transfers a block of sugars to asparagine residues of a polypeptide as it enters the RER?

To what site does Sar1 bind after it binds to GTP?

What are the differences between early and late endosomes?

Based on what is known about the involvement of calcium ions in exocytosis,what should happen if Ca2+ ions are injected into a cell?

Which pH below would be most likely to favor the operation of a lysosomal enzyme?

Where are misfolded secretory proteins eventually destroyed?

A tissue that secretes a number of proteins is exposed in culture to radiolabeled amino acids for a very short period of time and then fixed immediately and prepared for autoradiography.What is seen after the autoradiograms are prepared?

Which procedure below would lead to the visualization of the dynamic movements of specific proteins as they move through a single living cell? The proteins can be seen through the microscope eyepiece and the cells do not have to be killed for the protein to be detected.

I-cell disease is typified by __________.

Which molecule below is a GTP-binding protein that is required for the release of a clathrin-coated vesicle from the membrane on which it was formed?

Cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)strain in which a viral gene (VSVG)is fused to the green fluorescent protein gene.When the chimeric protein is synthesized,what pathway does it follow from synthesis until it leaves the cell?

What is thought to shield lysosomal membranes against attack by their enclosed enzymes?

Signaling receptors are usually marked for endocytosis and subsequent destruction by the covalent attachment of a "tag" to the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor while it resides at the cell surface.What is the name of the "tag"?

What is the general name for a molecule that physically links two different types of materials?

Which endosomes are typically located near the peripheral region of the cell?

Vesicles that move through the Golgi complex from a trans-donor to a cis-acceptor membrane are said to move in a(n)__________ direction.

What recognizes ubiquitinated signaling receptors and sorts them into the membranes that give rise to the internal vesicles of the late endosomes?

What molecules do the AP2 adaptors of the clathrin coat connect?

What happens if misfolded proteins are generated in the ER at a faster rate than they can be exported to the cytoplasm?

What are the two functional categories of SNAREs?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Based on what is known about the involvement of calcium ions in exocytosis,what should happen if Ca²⁺ ions are injected into a cell?