Question 1

Based on von Frisch's work on honeybee communication, which type of information is communicated to other workers by a honeybee's "dance"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the direction of the nectar source 
B)  the distance of the nectar source from the nearest water 
C)  the color of the flowers producing the nectar 
D)  the quality of the nectar 
A)  the direction of the nectar source 
B)  the distance of the nectar source from the nearest water 
C)  the color of the flowers producing the nectar 
D)  the quality of the nectar

Question 2

Organisms that are nocturnal are more likely to communicate using

Accepted Answer

A)  sight and sound. 
B)  sight and smell. 
C)  smell and sound. 
D)  touch and taste. 
A)  sight and sound. 
B)  sight and smell. 
C)  smell and sound. 
D)  touch and taste.

Question 3

Endocrine disruptors affect reproductive behavior by

Accepted Answer

A)  impairing the immune system. 
B)  enhancing hormone activity. 
C)  increasing social behavior. 
D)  reinforcing mating rituals. 
A)  impairing the immune system. 
B)  enhancing hormone activity. 
C)  increasing social behavior. 
D)  reinforcing mating rituals.

Question 4

You unsuccessfully search your room for your math book. Your friend points out that it is on the table in front of you. You overlooked it because it is orange, and you thought it was green. This demonstrates a flaw in your

Accepted Answer

A)  early imprinting. 
B)  social learning. 
C)  innate behavior. 
D)  search image. 
A)  early imprinting. 
B)  social learning. 
C)  innate behavior. 
D)  search image.

Question 5

The herbicide atrazine is a known endocrine disruptor to the development stages of several animal species, including fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Scientists interested in studying long-term effects of exposure to atrazine on mating behaviors compared an all-male population of sexually mature African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to atrazine (Atz) to a sexually mature population of African clawed frogs not exposed to atrazine (Con). Amplexus is defined as the mating position of frogs.
  
-The role of the nontreated males in this experiment is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the sample size. 
B)  act as controls. 
C)  show that not all matings are successful. 
D)  determine number of matings per frog. 
A)  increase the sample size. 
B)  act as controls. 
C)  show that not all matings are successful. 
D)  determine number of matings per frog.

Question 6

Which statement about chimpanzee behavior is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only female chimpanzees are organized in a dominance hierarchy. 
B)  Alpha males assert their status by making plant stems into tools for food extraction. 
C)  Social primates do not show reconciliation-type behaviors. 
D)  Grooming behavior is crucial to maintaining relationships within chimpanzee groups. 
A)  Only female chimpanzees are organized in a dominance hierarchy. 
B)  Alpha males assert their status by making plant stems into tools for food extraction. 
C)  Social primates do not show reconciliation-type behaviors. 
D)  Grooming behavior is crucial to maintaining relationships within chimpanzee groups.

Question 7

The herbicide atrazine is a known endocrine disruptor to the development stages of several animal species, including fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Scientists interested in studying long-term effects of exposure to atrazine on mating behaviors compared an all-male population of sexually mature African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to atrazine (Atz) to a sexually mature population of African clawed frogs not exposed to atrazine (Con). Amplexus is defined as the mating position of frogs.
  
-When considered together, Parts A and C demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)  that all frogs in the experiments were male. 
B)  a possible explanation for the effect of atrazine. 
C)  that testosterone levels are lower in nontreated frogs. 
D)  a lack of relationship between successful mating and testosterone levels. 
A)  that all frogs in the experiments were male. 
B)  a possible explanation for the effect of atrazine. 
C)  that testosterone levels are lower in nontreated frogs. 
D)  a lack of relationship between successful mating and testosterone levels.

Question 8

A male turkey that imprinted onto a human at hatching is transferred as an older juvenile to a flock of "normal" turkeys. When this turkey reaches sexual maturity, he will probably try to court

Accepted Answer

A)  male, female, or immature turkeys indiscriminately. 
B)  immature male turkeys. 
C)  mature female turkeys. 
D)  humans. 
A)  male, female, or immature turkeys indiscriminately. 
B)  immature male turkeys. 
C)  mature female turkeys. 
D)  humans.

Question 9

Scientists were interested in studying differences in the frequency of foraging behaviors demonstrated in two species of flycatchers (birds) in California. They were specifically interested in determining if the overall distribution of foraging behaviors was associated with the stage of the breeding cycle of the two species. Here are some of the data collected:
The number of foraging behaviors observed by stage of the breeding cycle for Hammond's and Western flycatchers in northwestern California
 $\begin{array}{c}
 \text { Stage of Breeding Cycle }\
\begin{array}{|l|}

\hline \text {Bird Species}\
 \hline \text {Hammond's}\
 \text {Flycatcher}\
 \hline \
 \hline \
 \hline \text {Western}\
 \text {Flycatcher}\
 \hline \
 \hline \
 \hline 
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|}

\hline \text {Foraging Behavior}\
 \hline \
 \text {Flycatch}\
 \hline \text {Hover-glean}\
 \hline \text {Glean}\
 \hline \
 \text {Flycatch}\
 \hline \text {Hover-glean}\
 \hline \text {Glean}\
 \hline 
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|l|l|l|}
\hline  \text { Pre-incubation} &\text { Incubation } &\text { Brooding } &\text {Post-Brooding }\
 \hline\
10&45&47&20\
 \hline32&93&90&87\
\hline0&2&3&0\
\hline\
17&38&80&53\
 \hline121&213&210&234 \
\hline4&4&1&4\
\hline 
\end{array}
\end{array}$
 Source: Noon, B. R., and Sakai, H. F. (1990). Variation in the foraging behaviors of two flycatchers: associations with stage of the breeding cycle. Studies in Avian Biology, 13: 237-44.
-What is true about the conclusion that all foraging behaviors continually increased from the pre-incubation breeding stage to the post-brooding?

Accepted Answer

A)  This occurred for both species of flycatchers. 
B)  This occurred for Hammond's flycatchers but not for Western flycatchers. 
C)  This occurred for only the hover-glean foraging behavior in Western flycatchers. 
D)  This occurred for only the glean foraging behavior of Hammond's flycatchers. 
A)  This occurred for both species of flycatchers. 
B)  This occurred for Hammond's flycatchers but not for Western flycatchers. 
C)  This occurred for only the hover-glean foraging behavior in Western flycatchers. 
D)  This occurred for only the glean foraging behavior of Hammond's flycatchers.

Question 10

You are told that the song of males among a particular songbird species has an innate component but is also largely learned. Nestling males imprint on their father's song and then sing it themselves when they reach sexual maturity. Which observation would lead you to doubt this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  A male chick who is reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song. 
B)  A male chick who is reared in isolation hears tape recordings of his species' song and grows up to sing normally. 
C)  A male chick who is reared in isolation hears tape recordings of a different species' song and grows up to sing that species' song. 
D)  A male chick who is fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species. 
A)  A male chick who is reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song. 
B)  A male chick who is reared in isolation hears tape recordings of his species' song and grows up to sing normally. 
C)  A male chick who is reared in isolation hears tape recordings of a different species' song and grows up to sing that species' song. 
D)  A male chick who is fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species.

Question 11

A grayling butterfly will normally fly toward the sun. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  kinesis. 
B)  migration. 
C)  taxis. 
A)  kinesis. 
B)  migration. 
C)  taxis.

Question 12

You lose track of your friend in a store and start looking for her. Which strategy represents the use of a search image?

Accepted Answer

A)  You ask a woman if she has seen anyone around this part of the store. 
B)  You think about what color clothing your friend is wearing and look for that color. 
C)  You go to the department in the store where your friend most likes to shop. 
D)  You return to the last place you saw your friend. 
A)  You ask a woman if she has seen anyone around this part of the store. 
B)  You think about what color clothing your friend is wearing and look for that color. 
C)  You go to the department in the store where your friend most likes to shop. 
D)  You return to the last place you saw your friend.

Question 13

Territories are typically used for activities such as

Accepted Answer

A)  feeding, mating, and rearing young. 
B)  migration and feeding. 
C)  identification of kin and rearing young. 
D)  feeding and identification of kin. 
A)  feeding, mating, and rearing young. 
B)  migration and feeding. 
C)  identification of kin and rearing young. 
D)  feeding and identification of kin.

Question 14

Which behavior is an example of a fixed action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  the imprinting of baby goslings on their mother 
B)  habituation in the cnidarian Hydra 
C)  the way female digger wasps find their nests 
D)  the way a greylag goose retrieves an egg that has rolled out of the nest 
A)  the imprinting of baby goslings on their mother 
B)  habituation in the cnidarian Hydra 
C)  the way female digger wasps find their nests 
D)  the way a greylag goose retrieves an egg that has rolled out of the nest

Question 15

The sending of, reception of, and response to signals constitute animal

Accepted Answer

A)  cost-benefit analysis. 
B)  communication. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  associative learning. 
A)  cost-benefit analysis. 
B)  communication. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  associative learning.

Question 16

The herbicide atrazine is a known endocrine disruptor to the development stages of several animal species, including fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Scientists interested in studying long-term effects of exposure to atrazine on mating behaviors compared an all-male population of sexually mature African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to atrazine (Atz) to a sexually mature population of African clawed frogs not exposed to atrazine (Con). Amplexus is defined as the mating position of frogs.
  
-Part B indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  nontreated males were more successful in copulation with females than atrazine-treated males. 
B)  atrazine-treated males were more successful in copulation with females than nontreated males. 
C)  there were fewer atrazine-treated males than nontreated males. 
D)  atrazine-treated males are unable to mate. 
A)  nontreated males were more successful in copulation with females than atrazine-treated males. 
B)  atrazine-treated males were more successful in copulation with females than nontreated males. 
C)  there were fewer atrazine-treated males than nontreated males. 
D)  atrazine-treated males are unable to mate.

Question 17

In England, at a time when milk was still delivered to doorsteps each morning in foil-capped glass bottles, a songbird called the great tit started pecking through the caps and drinking the cream in the necks of the bottles. This behavior spread through the great tit population in a matter of years. The emergence and spread of this behavior probably depended on

Accepted Answer

A)  trial-and-error learning plus habituation. 
B)  trial-and-error learning plus social learning. 
C)  trial-and-error learning plus imprinting. 
D)  habituation plus social learning. 
A)  trial-and-error learning plus habituation. 
B)  trial-and-error learning plus social learning. 
C)  trial-and-error learning plus imprinting. 
D)  habituation plus social learning.

Question 18

Which statement regarding behavior is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Innate behaviors are performed the same way in all members of a genus. 
B)  Fixed action patterns are learned behavior sequences. 
C)  A learned behavior triggers a fixed action pattern. 
D)  A fixed action pattern is under strong genetic control. 
A)  Innate behaviors are performed the same way in all members of a genus. 
B)  Fixed action patterns are learned behavior sequences. 
C)  A learned behavior triggers a fixed action pattern. 
D)  A fixed action pattern is under strong genetic control.

Question 19

Which situation could represent kin selection in action?

Accepted Answer

A)  You help your friend learn linguistics, and your friend helps you learn biology. 
B)  You help your brother pay for his children's college tuition, even though he may not be able to pay you back. 
C)  You help your mother pay her property taxes when she gets old. 
D)  You inexplicably forget to use birth control, and a child results. 
A)  You help your friend learn linguistics, and your friend helps you learn biology. 
B)  You help your brother pay for his children's college tuition, even though he may not be able to pay you back. 
C)  You help your mother pay her property taxes when she gets old. 
D)  You inexplicably forget to use birth control, and a child results.

Question 20

Agonistic behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  usually causes serious injury to one or both of the combatants. 
B)  increases the number of individuals who mate. 
C)  is typically used to determine access to food, mates, or territories. 
D)  is rare among vertebrates. 
A)  usually causes serious injury to one or both of the combatants. 
B)  increases the number of individuals who mate. 
C)  is typically used to determine access to food, mates, or territories. 
D)  is rare among vertebrates.

Exam 35: Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Based on von Frisch's work on honeybee communication, which type of information is communicated to other workers by a honeybee's "dance"?

Organisms that are nocturnal are more likely to communicate using

Endocrine disruptors affect reproductive behavior by

You unsuccessfully search your room for your math book. Your friend points out that it is on the table in front of you. You overlooked it because it is orange, and you thought it was green. This demonstrates a flaw in your

Which statement about chimpanzee behavior is true?

A male turkey that imprinted onto a human at hatching is transferred as an older juvenile to a flock of "normal" turkeys. When this turkey reaches sexual maturity, he will probably try to court

You are told that the song of males among a particular songbird species has an innate component but is also largely learned. Nestling males imprint on their father's song and then sing it themselves when they reach sexual maturity. Which observation would lead you to doubt this information?

A grayling butterfly will normally fly toward the sun. This is an example of

You lose track of your friend in a store and start looking for her. Which strategy represents the use of a search image?

Territories are typically used for activities such as

Which behavior is an example of a fixed action pattern?

The sending of, reception of, and response to signals constitute animal

Which statement regarding behavior is true?

Which situation could represent kin selection in action?

Agonistic behavior

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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