Exam 16: Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The largest group of prokaryotes is the ________, which obtain both energy and carbon from ________.

In the 1930s, the Navajo Nation treated sheep and cattle for ticks and other parasites by using concrete "dip tanks," a common practice in the United States during that time period. Animals were herded into one end of the tank and out the other. Each day, the tanks were filled with 200,000 gallons of insecticide, and any remaining chemicals were emptied onto the ground. The pesticide solution seeped into the ground, ditches, and pits around the tanks. In the 1990s, the EPA Emergency Response Team (ERT) was called to the Navajo Nation to investigate the problem. They concluded that bioremediation procedures were the best option for cleaning up the site. Certain types of bacteria are able to feed on and digest toxic organic substances, such as pesticides, and use them as fuel for cell respiration. The ERT distributed these pesticide-eating microorganisms throughout the contaminated soil to remove the chemical residues. Once the contaminants are degraded, these microorganism populations will die off because they will have used up all of their food supply. -What evolutionary adaptations might the pesticide-eating bacteria have that allow them to be useful in this context? They likely

Humans are an example of

Alginates are used in many everyday products, including toothpaste and soap. When added to water, they form a thick gel that binds or emulsifies liquids. Alginates come from a group of multicellular stramenopiles that have one pigment that masks all others and therefore gives these organisms a distinctive, dark color. Alginates are derived from

Dinoflagellates are best described as

Cyanobacteria

Some current research efforts are investigating whether or not ________, a group of prokaryotes with the ability to produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, can be used as a source of renewable energy by converting sunlight into electricity.

Someone diagnosed with meningitis has inflamed membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is a result of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that cause extreme infections when their bacterial cell wall dies and lipopolysaccharide (a lipid and polysaccharide) is released. The lipopolysaccharide is an example of a(n)

Some white blood cells are able to surround and ingest bacteria. Which of the following would you expect to see as part of the blood cell structure?

Which of the following is a parasitic excavate that causes African sleeping sickness, a disease spread by the tsetse fly?

Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from ________ and their energy from ________.

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Compost piles create an intense heat source and would therefore be suitable environments for

Which of the following statements regarding Ulva is true?

A scientist collects a protist from a rotting log. He grows the protist in a petri dish that contains Escherichia coli bacteria; the protist engulfs the bacteria. For a while the protist multiplies as single cells. When the E. coli are all consumed, the protists aggregate to form a clump that rises up to become a stalked structure with a globular head. What kind of protist does the scientist have?

Which of the following groups includes protists that reside within the cells of corals?

Which of the following groups include organisms that are a key source of food in all aquatic environments and whose fossilized forms are used as a filter and as a grinding and polishing agent?

Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of amoebas?

Textile mills often release dye color and toxic by-products into rivers and streams, which may then taint groundwater. Fungi associated with mangrove trees have been shown to reduce both colors and toxicity in tainted groundwater. -The fungi are being used as a form of

In 2012, scientists discovered that colonies of single-celled organisms can be found in high numbers in the human gut. Scientists are particularly concerned with the colonies that produce methane, as methane in the human gut can be linked to constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The scientists can classify these colonies as belonging to the domain