Question 1

The Grants' work on natural selection would have been impossible to complete if the traits they examined were

Accepted Answer

A)  modified by the environment during the bird's lifetime. 
B)  adapted to particular environmental conditions. 
C)  completely heritable. 
D)  present to some degree in all finches. 
A)  modified by the environment during the bird's lifetime. 
B)  adapted to particular environmental conditions. 
C)  completely heritable. 
D)  present to some degree in all finches.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the Galápagos finches is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Galápagos finch species differ in their feeding habitats. 
B)  Each island in the Galápagos chain has one and only one isolated, unique species of Darwin's finch. 
C)  Most speciation events of the Galápagos finches occurred when some finches made it to another island, evolved in isolation, and accumulated enough changes to become a new species. 
D)  The evolution of the Galápagos finches is an excellent example of adaptive radiation. 
A)  The Galápagos finch species differ in their feeding habitats. 
B)  Each island in the Galápagos chain has one and only one isolated, unique species of Darwin's finch. 
C)  Most speciation events of the Galápagos finches occurred when some finches made it to another island, evolved in isolation, and accumulated enough changes to become a new species. 
D)  The evolution of the Galápagos finches is an excellent example of adaptive radiation.

Question 3

Two species interbreed occasionally and produce vigorous, fertile hybrids. When the hybrids breed with each other or with either parent species, however, the offspring are feeble or sterile. These species are affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  gametic isolation. 
B)  reduced hybrid fertility. 
C)  reduced hybrid viability. 
D)  hybrid breakdown. 
A)  gametic isolation. 
B)  reduced hybrid fertility. 
C)  reduced hybrid viability. 
D)  hybrid breakdown.

Question 4

One of the key contributions of the punctuated equilibrium model is that it helps explain

Accepted Answer

A)  why transitional fossils are more common than Darwin would have predicted. 
B)  why transitional fossils tend to be rare and certain common fossil species remain unchanged for long time spans. 
C)  how new species arise from hybridization events. 
D)  why large, widespread populations tend to be the ones that evolve most rapidly and unpredictably. 
A)  why transitional fossils are more common than Darwin would have predicted. 
B)  why transitional fossils tend to be rare and certain common fossil species remain unchanged for long time spans. 
C)  how new species arise from hybridization events. 
D)  why large, widespread populations tend to be the ones that evolve most rapidly and unpredictably.

Question 5

The ________ suggests that speciation occurs in brief spurts.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive model of the origin of species 
B)  allopatric speciation model 
C)  gradual model of the origin of species 
D)  punctuated equilibrium model 
A)  adaptive model of the origin of species 
B)  allopatric speciation model 
C)  gradual model of the origin of species 
D)  punctuated equilibrium model

Question 6

In the North Pacific Ocean, two groups of the same species of killer whales (Orcinus orca) appear to be forming two different species based on what they eat. One group eats fish and the other eats mammals such as seals. Scientists can tell what they eat based on their teeth, because whales that feed on fish have significantly different wear patterns.
-Which of the following describes the type of speciation event that is occurring in these whales?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  geographic speciation 
D)  punctuated speciation 
A)  sympatric speciation 
B)  allopatric speciation 
C)  geographic speciation 
D)  punctuated speciation

Question 7

For speciation to occur there must be

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual reproduction. 
B)  genetic variation. 
C)  isolation. 
D)  natural selection. 
A)  sexual reproduction. 
B)  genetic variation. 
C)  isolation. 
D)  natural selection.

Question 8

Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of moth species that could interbreed but for the fact that the females' mating pheromones are not attractive to the males of the other species?

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation 
B)  behavioral isolation 
C)  mechanical isolation 
D)  gametic isolation 
A)  temporal isolation 
B)  behavioral isolation 
C)  mechanical isolation 
D)  gametic isolation

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the definition of species is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ecological species concept identifies species in terms of their ecological niches. 
B)  The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as a set of organisms that shares a common ancestor and forms one branch on the tree of life. 
C)  The morphological species concept relies upon comparing the DNA sequences of organisms. 
D)  Under the biological species concept, the gap between species is maintained by reproductive isolation. 
A)  The ecological species concept identifies species in terms of their ecological niches. 
B)  The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as a set of organisms that shares a common ancestor and forms one branch on the tree of life. 
C)  The morphological species concept relies upon comparing the DNA sequences of organisms. 
D)  Under the biological species concept, the gap between species is maintained by reproductive isolation.

Question 10

Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of insect species that could interbreed but for the fact that one lives on goldenrod plants and the other on autumn daisies in the same general area?

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  gametic isolation 
A)  temporal isolation 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  gametic isolation

Question 11

Speciation has become complete when

Accepted Answer

A)  two populations of organisms have been separated for a very long time. 
B)  a change in allele frequency has occurred. 
C)  organisms of one population do not recognize the mating call of another population and so mating does not occur. 
D)  offspring of mating from members of two different populations are able to mate with members of either population. 
A)  two populations of organisms have been separated for a very long time. 
B)  a change in allele frequency has occurred. 
C)  organisms of one population do not recognize the mating call of another population and so mating does not occur. 
D)  offspring of mating from members of two different populations are able to mate with members of either population.

Question 12

These data collected by the Grants show that

Accepted Answer

A)  all birds surviving after the drought had deeper beaks than those existing before the drought. 
B)  most birds died as a result of the drought. 
C)  before the drought all birds had beaks between 9 and 9.5 mm deep and after the drought all birds had beaks between 9.5 and 10 mm deep. 
D)  after the drought the average bird had a deeper beak. 
A)  all birds surviving after the drought had deeper beaks than those existing before the drought. 
B)  most birds died as a result of the drought. 
C)  before the drought all birds had beaks between 9 and 9.5 mm deep and after the drought all birds had beaks between 9.5 and 10 mm deep. 
D)  after the drought the average bird had a deeper beak.

Question 13

Sympatric speciation commonly occurs through ________ in plants but is more likely to occur through ________ in animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  polyploidy; habitat differentiation and sexual selection 
B)  habitat differentiation and sexual selection; polyploidy 
C)  asexual reproduction; chromosome duplications 
D)  self-pollination; polyploidy and other genetic mechanisms 
A)  polyploidy; habitat differentiation and sexual selection 
B)  habitat differentiation and sexual selection; polyploidy 
C)  asexual reproduction; chromosome duplications 
D)  self-pollination; polyploidy and other genetic mechanisms

Question 14

The emergence of many diverse species from a common ancestor is called

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  gradualism. 
C)  allopatric speciation. 
D)  hybridization. 
A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  gradualism. 
C)  allopatric speciation. 
D)  hybridization.

Question 15

In which of the following situations would speciation be most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  A population of juniper shrubs is split in two by a canyon. Every year, strong winds carry a small amount of the shrubs' pollen across the canyon. 
B)  A Japanese mollusk species whose larvae are often carried from port to port in ship bilge (waste) water now flourishes in San Francisco Bay, a busy commercial port. 
C)  Bighorn sheep occupy mountains from Canada to Death Valley in Southern California, interbreeding all the way. The populations at the two ends of the range live in very different environments. 
D)  Seven monkeys escape from an enclosure. To everyone's surprise, they establish a small but viable population, coexisting successfully with humans in a partly suburban environment very different from their native African habitat. 
A)  A population of juniper shrubs is split in two by a canyon. Every year, strong winds carry a small amount of the shrubs' pollen across the canyon. 
B)  A Japanese mollusk species whose larvae are often carried from port to port in ship bilge (waste) water now flourishes in San Francisco Bay, a busy commercial port. 
C)  Bighorn sheep occupy mountains from Canada to Death Valley in Southern California, interbreeding all the way. The populations at the two ends of the range live in very different environments. 
D)  Seven monkeys escape from an enclosure. To everyone's surprise, they establish a small but viable population, coexisting successfully with humans in a partly suburban environment very different from their native African habitat.

Question 16

The Grants' finch research included morphological, geographic, genetic, and ecological data. Which of these could not be directly determined by examining the birds as they tagged them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphological measurements could be directly made of bird size and weight in addition to measurements on beak depth. 
B)  Geographic data could be directly recorded according to where on the island the bird was found. 
C)  Complete genetic makeup could be directly determined though analysis of phenotypes. 
D)  Ecological data could be gathered by direct observation of food preference. 
A)  Morphological measurements could be directly made of bird size and weight in addition to measurements on beak depth. 
B)  Geographic data could be directly recorded according to where on the island the bird was found. 
C)  Complete genetic makeup could be directly determined though analysis of phenotypes. 
D)  Ecological data could be gathered by direct observation of food preference.

Question 17

If the divergence illustrated here is based on some female insects preferring large males and others preferring small males, then this would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  sexual selection. 
D)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  sexual selection. 
D)  allopatric speciation.

Question 18

Two populations that have been separated by a river are most likely to become separate species if

Accepted Answer

A)  fur color is different in the two populations. 
B)  genes controlling ear development become different so that members of one population have much longer ears than the other. 
C)  genes controlling molecules on the surface of the sperm that bind with egg receptors are different in the two populations. 
D)  feeding habits are different in the two populations. 
A)  fur color is different in the two populations. 
B)  genes controlling ear development become different so that members of one population have much longer ears than the other. 
C)  genes controlling molecules on the surface of the sperm that bind with egg receptors are different in the two populations. 
D)  feeding habits are different in the two populations.

Question 19

The geographic isolation of a population from other members of the species and the subsequent evolution of reproductive barriers between it and the parent species describes ________ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  punctuated 
B)  sympatric 
C)  allopatric 
D)  biogeographic 
A)  punctuated 
B)  sympatric 
C)  allopatric 
D)  biogeographic

Question 20

Diane Dodd raised different fruit fly populations on different food sources. She found that after about 40 generations the evolution of reproductive isolation was under way. The mechanism of evolution responsible for this was

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  gene flow. 
D)  hybridization. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  gene flow. 
D)  hybridization.

Exam 14: The Origin of Species

The Grants' work on natural selection would have been impossible to complete if the traits they examined were

Which of the following statements about the Galápagos finches is false?

Two species interbreed occasionally and produce vigorous, fertile hybrids. When the hybrids breed with each other or with either parent species, however, the offspring are feeble or sterile. These species are affected by

One of the key contributions of the punctuated equilibrium model is that it helps explain

The ________ suggests that speciation occurs in brief spurts.

For speciation to occur there must be

Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of moth species that could interbreed but for the fact that the females' mating pheromones are not attractive to the males of the other species?

Which of the following statements regarding the definition of species is false?

Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of insect species that could interbreed but for the fact that one lives on goldenrod plants and the other on autumn daisies in the same general area?

Speciation has become complete when

These data collected by the Grants show that

Sympatric speciation commonly occurs through ________ in plants but is more likely to occur through ________ in animals.

The emergence of many diverse species from a common ancestor is called

In which of the following situations would speciation be most likely to occur?

The Grants' finch research included morphological, geographic, genetic, and ecological data. Which of these could not be directly determined by examining the birds as they tagged them?

If the divergence illustrated here is based on some female insects preferring large males and others preferring small males, then this would be an example of

Two populations that have been separated by a river are most likely to become separate species if

The geographic isolation of a population from other members of the species and the subsequent evolution of reproductive barriers between it and the parent species describes ________ speciation.

Diane Dodd raised different fruit fly populations on different food sources. She found that after about 40 generations the evolution of reproductive isolation was under way. The mechanism of evolution responsible for this was

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

Sympatric speciation commonly occurs through in plants but is more likely to occur through in animals.