Question 1

Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs because their cells are impaired in what way?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cannot replicate DNA. 
B)  They cannot undergo mitosis. 
C)  They cannot exchange DNA with other cells. 
D)  They cannot repair thymine dimers. 
E)  They do not recombine homologous chromosomes during meiosis. 
A)  They cannot replicate DNA. 
B)  They cannot undergo mitosis. 
C)  They cannot exchange DNA with other cells. 
D)  They cannot repair thymine dimers. 
E)  They do not recombine homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 2

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer. 
B)  It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. 
C)  It joins Okazaki fragments together. 
D)  It unwinds the parental double helix. 
E)  It stabilizes the unwound parental DNA. 
A)  It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer. 
B)  It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. 
C)  It joins Okazaki fragments together. 
D)  It unwinds the parental double helix. 
E)  It stabilizes the unwound parental DNA.

Question 3

What is the function of topoisomerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork 
B)  elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain 
C)  adding methyl groups to bases of DNA 
D)  unwinding of the double helix 
E)  stabilizing single-stranded DNA at the replication fork 
A)  relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork 
B)  elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain 
C)  adding methyl groups to bases of DNA 
D)  unwinding of the double helix 
E)  stabilizing single-stranded DNA at the replication fork

Question 4

Figure 13.1
-  Figure 13.3
Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in Figure 13.3?

Accepted Answer

A)  ligase 
B)  a restriction enzyme 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
A)  ligase 
B)  a restriction enzyme 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA polymerase

Question 5

Which of the following sets of materials is required by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  double-stranded DNA, four kinds of DNA nucleotides, primers, origins of replication 
B)  topoisomerases, telomerases, polymerases 
C)  G-C rich regions, polymerases, chromosome nicks 
D)  nucleosome loosening, four kinds of DNA nucleotides, four kinds of RNA nucleotides 
E)  ligase, primers, nucleases 
A)  double-stranded DNA, four kinds of DNA nucleotides, primers, origins of replication 
B)  topoisomerases, telomerases, polymerases 
C)  G-C rich regions, polymerases, chromosome nicks 
D)  nucleosome loosening, four kinds of DNA nucleotides, four kinds of RNA nucleotides 
E)  ligase, primers, nucleases

Question 6

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  AAGG TTCC 
B)  GGCC CCGG 
C)  ACCA TGGT 
D)  AAAA TTTT 
A)  AAGG TTCC 
B)  GGCC CCGG 
C)  ACCA TGGT 
D)  AAAA TTTT

Question 7

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria that do not take up any plasmids would grow on which media?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nutrient broth only 
B)  the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth 
C)  the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth 
D)  the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth 
E)  all three broths 
A)  the nutrient broth only 
B)  the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth 
C)  the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth 
D)  the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth 
E)  all three broths

Question 8

During DNA replication, which of the following enzymes removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  helicase 
B)  DNA polymerase III 
C)  ligase 
D)  DNA polymerase I 
E)  primase 
A)  helicase 
B)  DNA polymerase III 
C)  ligase 
D)  DNA polymerase I 
E)  primase

Question 9

In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. Which of the following investigators was (were) responsible for this discovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frederick Griffith 
B)  Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
C)  Oswald Avery 
D)  Erwin Chargaff 
E)  Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl 
A)  Frederick Griffith 
B)  Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
C)  Oswald Avery 
D)  Erwin Chargaff 
E)  Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

Question 10

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A = G 
B)  A + G = C + T 
C)  A + T = G + C 
D)  A = C 
A)  A = G 
B)  A + G = C + T 
C)  A + T = G + C 
D)  A = C

Question 11

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria containing a plasmid into which the eukaryotic gene has integrated would grow

Accepted Answer

A)  in the nutrient broth only. 
B)  in the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only. 
C)  in the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth. 
D)  in all four types of broth. 
E)  in the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth. 
A)  in the nutrient broth only. 
B)  in the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only. 
C)  in the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth. 
D)  in all four types of broth. 
E)  in the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth.

Question 12

At a specific area of a chromosome, the following sequence of nucleotides is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork:
3'-C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C-5'
An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of the following represents the primer sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-G C C T A G G-3' 
B)  3'-G C C T A G G-5' 
C)  5'-A C G T T A G G-3' 
D)  5'-A C G U U A G G-3' 
E)  5'-G C C U A G G-3' 
A)  5'-G C C T A G G-3' 
B)  3'-G C C T A G G-5' 
C)  5'-A C G T T A G G-3' 
D)  5'-A C G U U A G G-3' 
E)  5'-G C C U A G G-3'

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes the eukaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is composed of DNA alone. 
B)  The nucleosome is its most basic functional subunit. 
C)  The number of genes on each chromosome is different in different cell types of an organism. 
D)  It consists of a single linear molecule of double-stranded DNA plus proteins. 
A)  It is composed of DNA alone. 
B)  The nucleosome is its most basic functional subunit. 
C)  The number of genes on each chromosome is different in different cell types of an organism. 
D)  It consists of a single linear molecule of double-stranded DNA plus proteins.

Question 14

Figure 13.1
-You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). These two classes of DNA probably represent

Accepted Answer

A)  leading strands and Okazaki fragments. 
B)  lagging strands and Okazaki fragments. 
C)  Okazaki fragments and RNA primers. 
D)  leading strands and RNA primers. 
E)  RNA primers and mitochondrial DNA. 
A)  leading strands and Okazaki fragments. 
B)  lagging strands and Okazaki fragments. 
C)  Okazaki fragments and RNA primers. 
D)  leading strands and RNA primers. 
E)  RNA primers and mitochondrial DNA.

Question 15

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA fragments are too small to use individually. 
B)  A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA. 
C)  Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small. 
D)  A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone. 
E)  It is important to have multiple copies of DNA in the case of laboratory error. 
A)  DNA fragments are too small to use individually. 
B)  A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA. 
C)  Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small. 
D)  A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone. 
E)  It is important to have multiple copies of DNA in the case of laboratory error.

Question 16

A student isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication. After adding some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has the student probably left out of the mixture?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  Okazaki fragments 
D)  primase 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  Okazaki fragments 
D)  primase

Question 17

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
B)  topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 
C)  topoisomerase, helicase, single-strand binding protein 
D)  DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase 
A)  nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
B)  topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 
C)  topoisomerase, helicase, single-strand binding protein 
D)  DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase

Question 18

Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to

Accepted Answer

A)  insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme X directly into the plasmid without cutting the plasmid. 
B)  cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme Y into the plasmid. 
C)  cut the DNA again with restriction enzyme Y and insert these fragments into the plasmid cut with the same enzyme. 
D)  cut the plasmid twice with restriction enzyme Y and ligate the two fragments onto the ends of the DNA fragments cut with restriction enzyme X. 
E)  cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and then insert the gene into the plasmid. 
A)  insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme X directly into the plasmid without cutting the plasmid. 
B)  cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme Y into the plasmid. 
C)  cut the DNA again with restriction enzyme Y and insert these fragments into the plasmid cut with the same enzyme. 
D)  cut the plasmid twice with restriction enzyme Y and ligate the two fragments onto the ends of the DNA fragments cut with restriction enzyme X. 
E)  cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and then insert the gene into the plasmid.

Question 19

In which order do the necessary enzymes act to repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclease, DNA polymerase, RNA primase 
B)  helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
C)  DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase 
D)  DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
E)  nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
A)  nuclease, DNA polymerase, RNA primase 
B)  helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
C)  DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase 
D)  DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
E)  nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

Question 20

Which of the following statements describes one difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. 
B)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. 
C)  The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. 
E)  Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not. 
A)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. 
B)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. 
C)  The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. 
E)  Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not.

Exam 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs because their cells are impaired in what way?

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

What is the function of topoisomerase?

Figure 13.1 - Figure 13.3 Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in Figure 13.3?

Which of the following sets of materials is required by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes for DNA replication?

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

During DNA replication, which of the following enzymes removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments?

In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. Which of the following investigators was (were) responsible for this discovery?

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

At a specific area of a chromosome, the following sequence of nucleotides is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork: 3'-C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C-5' An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of the following represents the primer sequence?

Which of the following statements best describes the eukaryotic chromosome?

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

In which order do the necessary enzymes act to repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair?

Which of the following statements describes one difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters