Question 1

Which of the following processes take place within the basidia?

Accepted Answer

A) karyogamy and meiosis 
B) plasmogamy and meiosis 
C) karyogamy only 
D) plasmogamy only 
E) meiosis only 
A) karyogamy and meiosis 
B) plasmogamy and meiosis 
C) karyogamy only 
D) plasmogamy only 
E) meiosis only

Question 2

Which of the following statements about spores is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both sexual and asexual spores are produced by meiosis. 
B) Both sexual and asexual spores allow for dispersal to new areas. 
C) Asexual spores are genetically identical to the parent, whereas sexual spores are not. 
D) Fungal species vary in their reliance on asexual versus sexual spore production. 
E) Spore production is triggered, in part, by a shortage of resources. 
A) Both sexual and asexual spores are produced by meiosis. 
B) Both sexual and asexual spores allow for dispersal to new areas. 
C) Asexual spores are genetically identical to the parent, whereas sexual spores are not. 
D) Fungal species vary in their reliance on asexual versus sexual spore production. 
E) Spore production is triggered, in part, by a shortage of resources.

Question 3

In the fungus pictured, which of the following structures is indicated by the letter B?

Accepted Answer

A) hyphae 
B) mycelium 
C) fruiting body 
D) spores 
A) hyphae 
B) mycelium 
C) fruiting body 
D) spores

Question 4

Your instructor gives you a sample from two different fruiting bodies-not the entire fruiting body. Which of the following characteristics differentiate whether one is an ascomycete and the other a basidiomycete?

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of haploid spores 
B) the presence of dikaryotic hyphae 
C) that only four spores are produced following meiosis 
D) that spores are produced by meiosis 
A) the presence of haploid spores 
B) the presence of dikaryotic hyphae 
C) that only four spores are produced following meiosis 
D) that spores are produced by meiosis

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) Many fungi demonstrate both asexual and sexual life cycles. 
B) Fungi are heterotrophs. 
C) Fungi are autotrophs. 
D) Fungi only reproduce asexually (e.g., via budding). 
E) Fungi are decomposers. 
A) Many fungi demonstrate both asexual and sexual life cycles. 
B) Fungi are heterotrophs. 
C) Fungi are autotrophs. 
D) Fungi only reproduce asexually (e.g., via budding). 
E) Fungi are decomposers.

Question 6

How do fungi in the soil of rain forests encourage plant diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) By serving as pathogens for particular plant species, fungi favor the establishment of less-common plant species. 
B) By serving as pollinators, fungi introduce plant diversity into new regions. 
C) By forming mycorrizhae with plants, fungi introduce plant diversity into new regions. 
A) By serving as pathogens for particular plant species, fungi favor the establishment of less-common plant species. 
B) By serving as pollinators, fungi introduce plant diversity into new regions. 
C) By forming mycorrizhae with plants, fungi introduce plant diversity into new regions.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about chytrids and basidiomycetes is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) Chytrids have a well-developed mycelium, whereas basidiomycetes have a well-developed fruiting body. 
B) Chytrids are aquatic, whereas basidiomycetes are terrestrial. 
C) Chytrids have flagellated spores, whereas basidiomycetes do not. 
D) Chytrids lack well-defined hyphae, whereas basidiomycetes have well-defined hyphae. 
E) Chytrids lack a heterokaryotic phase, whereas basidiomycetes have a heterokaryotic phase. 
A) Chytrids have a well-developed mycelium, whereas basidiomycetes have a well-developed fruiting body. 
B) Chytrids are aquatic, whereas basidiomycetes are terrestrial. 
C) Chytrids have flagellated spores, whereas basidiomycetes do not. 
D) Chytrids lack well-defined hyphae, whereas basidiomycetes have well-defined hyphae. 
E) Chytrids lack a heterokaryotic phase, whereas basidiomycetes have a heterokaryotic phase.

Question 8

Recall that glomeromycetes are fungi that can form symbiotic relationships (endomycorrhizae) with plants. Which of the following statements is also true of glomeromycetes?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomeromycetes do not demonstrate any genetic diversity. 
B) Genetic diversity in glomeromycetes is thought to be caused by crossing over during mitosis. 
C) Genetic diversity in glomeromycetes is thought to be caused by crossing over during meiosis. 
D) Glomeromycetes can reproduce sexually. 
E) Glomeromycetes can reproduce asexually. 
A) Glomeromycetes do not demonstrate any genetic diversity. 
B) Genetic diversity in glomeromycetes is thought to be caused by crossing over during mitosis. 
C) Genetic diversity in glomeromycetes is thought to be caused by crossing over during meiosis. 
D) Glomeromycetes can reproduce sexually. 
E) Glomeromycetes can reproduce asexually.

Question 9

Glomeromycetes can grow independently of their plant partners.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The numerous thin filaments that make up the body of a multicellular fungus are the:

Accepted Answer

A) hyphae. 
B) mycelia. 
C) fruiting bodies. 
D) spores. 
E) rhizoids. 
A) hyphae. 
B) mycelia. 
C) fruiting bodies. 
D) spores. 
E) rhizoids.

Question 11

Which of the following types of fungi are typically unicellular, lack heterokaryotic cells, and occasionally produce rhizoids?

Accepted Answer

A) basidiomycetes 
B) zygomycetes 
C) glomeromycetes 
D) ascomycetes 
E) chytrids 
A) basidiomycetes 
B) zygomycetes 
C) glomeromycetes 
D) ascomycetes 
E) chytrids

Question 12

Within the fungal body, nutrients are transported from the _____ to the _____ by the process of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) mycelium; fruiting body; bulk flow 
B) fruiting body; mycelium; diffusion 
C) mycelium; fruiting body; active transport 
D) fruiting body; mycelium; vesicular transport 
E) mycelium; fruiting body; diffusion 
A) mycelium; fruiting body; bulk flow 
B) fruiting body; mycelium; diffusion 
C) mycelium; fruiting body; active transport 
D) fruiting body; mycelium; vesicular transport 
E) mycelium; fruiting body; diffusion

Question 13

In the fungus pictured, which of the following structures is indicated by C?

Accepted Answer

A) mycelium 
B) hyphae 
C) fruiting body 
D) spores 
A) mycelium 
B) hyphae 
C) fruiting body 
D) spores

Question 14

Which of the following groups of fungi is the MOST diverse?

Accepted Answer

A) ascomycetes 
B) basidiomycetes 
C) chytrids 
D) glomeromycetes 
E) zygomycetes 
A) ascomycetes 
B) basidiomycetes 
C) chytrids 
D) glomeromycetes 
E) zygomycetes

Question 15

When you eat a mushroom, what part of the fungus are you consuming?

Accepted Answer

A) a reproductive structure 
B) a food-gathering structure 
C) a photosynthetic structure 
D) a support structure 
E) a defensive structure 
A) a reproductive structure 
B) a food-gathering structure 
C) a photosynthetic structure 
D) a support structure 
E) a defensive structure

Question 16

Fungi are more closely related to plants than they are to animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How are the spores of zygomycetes, such as Rhizopus, dispersed?

Accepted Answer

A) by the wind 
B) by insects 
C) by the rain 
D) by swimming with flagella 
E) by animals 
A) by the wind 
B) by insects 
C) by the rain 
D) by swimming with flagella 
E) by animals

Question 18

Fungi are more likely to "self-fertilize" because hyphal strands of the same individual are in close proximity to each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Ascomycete yeasts evolved from multicellular ancestors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the specific role of cyanobacteria (or green algae) in lichens?

Accepted Answer

A) to help attach the lichens to surfaces 
B) to synthesize defensive compounds 
C) to provide fungi with carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis 
D) to transport water throughout lichens 
E) Cyanobacteria and green algae play no role in lichens, because lichens consist of fungi. 
A) to help attach the lichens to surfaces 
B) to synthesize defensive compounds 
C) to provide fungi with carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis 
D) to transport water throughout lichens 
E) Cyanobacteria and green algae play no role in lichens, because lichens consist of fungi.

Exam 34: Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Which of the following processes take place within the basidia?

Which of the following statements about spores is NOT true?

In the fungus pictured, which of the following structures is indicated by the letter B?

Your instructor gives you a sample from two different fruiting bodies-not the entire fruiting body. Which of the following characteristics differentiate whether one is an ascomycete and the other a basidiomycete?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fungi?

How do fungi in the soil of rain forests encourage plant diversity?

Which of the following statements about chytrids and basidiomycetes is INCORRECT?

Recall that glomeromycetes are fungi that can form symbiotic relationships (endomycorrhizae) with plants. Which of the following statements is also true of glomeromycetes?

Glomeromycetes can grow independently of their plant partners.

The numerous thin filaments that make up the body of a multicellular fungus are the:

Which of the following types of fungi are typically unicellular, lack heterokaryotic cells, and occasionally produce rhizoids?

Within the fungal body, nutrients are transported from the _____ to the _____ by the process of _____.

In the fungus pictured, which of the following structures is indicated by C?

Which of the following groups of fungi is the MOST diverse?

When you eat a mushroom, what part of the fungus are you consuming?

Fungi are more closely related to plants than they are to animals.

How are the spores of zygomycetes, such as Rhizopus, dispersed?

Fungi are more likely to "self-fertilize" because hyphal strands of the same individual are in close proximity to each other.

Ascomycete yeasts evolved from multicellular ancestors.

What is the specific role of cyanobacteria (or green algae) in lichens?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Within the fungal body, nutrients are transported from the ___ to the _ by the process of ___.