Question 1

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep. 
A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

Question 2

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  visible movements of the eyes resembling those of one tracking the movements of objects in space, watching TV, etc. 
B)  difficulty arousing the sleeper 
C)  oxygen consumption decreases by comparison to NREM sleep and in an alert wakeful state 
D)  it represents 20%-25% of a person's "sleeptime" 
E)  skeletal muscle activity is markedly reduced, except for the extraocular and respiratory muscles 
A)  visible movements of the eyes resembling those of one tracking the movements of objects in space, watching TV, etc. 
B)  difficulty arousing the sleeper 
C)  oxygen consumption decreases by comparison to NREM sleep and in an alert wakeful state 
D)  it represents 20%-25% of a person's "sleeptime" 
E)  skeletal muscle activity is markedly reduced, except for the extraocular and respiratory muscles

Question 3

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoactive drugs can alter blood flow to the brain. 
B)  Psychoactive drugs often produce euphoria. 
C)  Psychoactive drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Psychoactive drugs can inhibit production of endogenous neurotransmitters. 
E)  Psychoactive drugs can up-regulate receptors for endogenous neurotransmitters. 
A)  Psychoactive drugs can alter blood flow to the brain. 
B)  Psychoactive drugs often produce euphoria. 
C)  Psychoactive drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Psychoactive drugs can inhibit production of endogenous neurotransmitters. 
E)  Psychoactive drugs can up-regulate receptors for endogenous neurotransmitters.

Question 4

Absence of postural muscle tone is descriptive of or occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep. 
A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

Question 5

Drugs that are used to treat depression increase the levels of this neurotransmitter in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  serotonin 
C)  GABA 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  dopamine 
A)  glutamate 
B)  serotonin 
C)  GABA 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  dopamine

Question 6

Selective attention is facilitated, enhanced, and improved by way of the ___ of the brainstem, which acts as the origin point of neurons, which project to the cerebraal cortex and release ___ neurotransmitter(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  pons, acetylcholine 
B)  basal nuclei, dopamine 
C)  hypothalamus, serotonin 
D)  locus coeruleus, norepinephrine 
E)  thalamus, melatonin 
A)  pons, acetylcholine 
B)  basal nuclei, dopamine 
C)  hypothalamus, serotonin 
D)  locus coeruleus, norepinephrine 
E)  thalamus, melatonin

Question 7

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for all events that happened before a serious brain trauma such as a blow to the head.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Learning is generally facilitated if the material to be learned is emotionally neutral.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Symptoms of withdrawal when drug use is stopped

Accepted Answer

A)  may result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter. 
B)  are psychological, not physical. 
C)  may be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug. 
D)  both "may result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter" and "may be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug" are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  may result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter. 
B)  are psychological, not physical. 
C)  may be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug. 
D)  both "may result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter" and "may be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug" are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain, except

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  limbic system. 
D)  corpus callosum. 
E)  hippocampus. 
A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  limbic system. 
D)  corpus callosum. 
E)  hippocampus.

Question 11

All of the psychogenic drugs that induce drug dependence act on the same neuronal system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The mood disorders are primarily disturbances of thought processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A progressive decrease in an orienting response to a repeated stimulus is called adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is not descriptive of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the period when dreaming occurs. 
B)  It normally occurs only once per night, usually just before waking up. 
C)  Postural muscles are virtually paralyzed during REM sleep. 
D)  EEG waves that resemble the awake state can be recorded during REM sleep. 
E)  Eyes move rapidly back and forth beneath closed lids. 
A)  It is the period when dreaming occurs. 
B)  It normally occurs only once per night, usually just before waking up. 
C)  Postural muscles are virtually paralyzed during REM sleep. 
D)  EEG waves that resemble the awake state can be recorded during REM sleep. 
E)  Eyes move rapidly back and forth beneath closed lids.

Question 15

Both short- and long-term memory are seated in and associated with the same specific functional regions of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A brainstem nucleus that is strongly implicated in the mechanism for selective attention is the locus coeruleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Sleep-wake cycles are produced by interactions of nuclei in the brainstem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Damage to that part of the brain known as Broca's area is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  cause difficulty in recognizing faces. 
B)  be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body. 
C)  impair speech. 
D)  Both "cause difficulty in recognizing faces" and "be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body" are correct. 
E)  Both "be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body" and "impair speech" are correct. 
A)  cause difficulty in recognizing faces. 
B)  be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body. 
C)  impair speech. 
D)  Both "cause difficulty in recognizing faces" and "be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body" are correct. 
E)  Both "be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body" and "impair speech" are correct.

Question 19

The integrator of inner emotions and emotional behaviors is the thalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Memory consolidation probably occurs via an increase in the effectiveness of existing synapses and also via formation of new ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep?

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Absence of postural muscle tone is descriptive of or occurs during

Drugs that are used to treat depression increase the levels of this neurotransmitter in the brain.

Selective attention is facilitated, enhanced, and improved by way of the _ of the brainstem, which acts as the origin point of neurons, which project to the cerebraal cortex and release _ neurotransmitter(s).

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for all events that happened before a serious brain trauma such as a blow to the head.

Learning is generally facilitated if the material to be learned is emotionally neutral.

Symptoms of withdrawal when drug use is stopped

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain, except

All of the psychogenic drugs that induce drug dependence act on the same neuronal system.

The mood disorders are primarily disturbances of thought processes.

A progressive decrease in an orienting response to a repeated stimulus is called adaptation.

Which of the following is not descriptive of REM sleep?

Both short- and long-term memory are seated in and associated with the same specific functional regions of the brain.

A brainstem nucleus that is strongly implicated in the mechanism for selective attention is the locus coeruleus.

Sleep-wake cycles are produced by interactions of nuclei in the brainstem.

Damage to that part of the brain known as Broca's area is likely to

The integrator of inner emotions and emotional behaviors is the thalamus.

Memory consolidation probably occurs via an increase in the effectiveness of existing synapses and also via formation of new ones.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep?

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Absence of postural muscle tone is descriptive of or occurs during

Drugs that are used to treat depression increase the levels of this neurotransmitter in the brain.

Selective attention is facilitated, enhanced, and improved by way of the ___ of the brainstem, which acts as the origin point of neurons, which project to the cerebraal cortex and release ___ neurotransmitter(s).

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for all events that happened before a serious brain trauma such as a blow to the head.

Learning is generally facilitated if the material to be learned is emotionally neutral.

Symptoms of withdrawal when drug use is stopped

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain, except

All of the psychogenic drugs that induce drug dependence act on the same neuronal system.

The mood disorders are primarily disturbances of thought processes.

A progressive decrease in an orienting response to a repeated stimulus is called adaptation.

Which of the following is not descriptive of REM sleep?

Both short- and long-term memory are seated in and associated with the same specific functional regions of the brain.

A brainstem nucleus that is strongly implicated in the mechanism for selective attention is the locus coeruleus.

Sleep-wake cycles are produced by interactions of nuclei in the brainstem.

Damage to that part of the brain known as Broca's area is likely to

The integrator of inner emotions and emotional behaviors is the thalamus.

Memory consolidation probably occurs via an increase in the effectiveness of existing synapses and also via formation of new ones.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Selective attention is facilitated, enhanced, and improved by way of the _ of the brainstem, which acts as the origin point of neurons, which project to the cerebraal cortex and release _ neurotransmitter(s).