Question 1

Proteins are broken down to amino acids by enzymes called transaminases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The nucleotide triplet in tRNA that base-pairs with a complementary triplet in mRNA is called the codon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Any given protein contains binding sites for only one kind of ligand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

There are twenty different molecules of tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of these covalently modifies proteins by phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes called protein phosphatases 
B)  other proteins called allosteric proteins 
C)  any ligand that can bind to specific binding sites 
D)  enzymes called protein kinases 
E)  metal ions, such as Fe2+ 
A)  enzymes called protein phosphatases 
B)  other proteins called allosteric proteins 
C)  any ligand that can bind to specific binding sites 
D)  enzymes called protein kinases 
E)  metal ions, such as Fe2+

Question 6

Which is NOT true about a binding site on a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an area of the protein with a shape complementary to that of a ligand. 
B)  It is determined by the amino acid sequence of the protein. 
C)  The binding of a ligand to a binding site typically changes the conformation of the protein. 
D)  There can only be one binding site on a given protein. 
E)  Binding of a ligand to the binding site typically activates or inactivates a protein's specific function. 
A)  It is an area of the protein with a shape complementary to that of a ligand. 
B)  It is determined by the amino acid sequence of the protein. 
C)  The binding of a ligand to a binding site typically changes the conformation of the protein. 
D)  There can only be one binding site on a given protein. 
E)  Binding of a ligand to the binding site typically activates or inactivates a protein's specific function.

Question 7

In general, the larger the number of different ligands that can bind to a particular binding site on a protein, the less the specificity of that binding site.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During anaerobic glycolysis, a net of two molecules of ATP are generated for each molecule of glucose broken down.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the defining characteristic of an allosteric protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain two polypeptide chains, with each being an exact mirror image of the other. 
B)  They contain only one ligand-binding site, but because the specificity is low, many different ligands can bind to it. 
C)  They contain two ligand-binding sites, one that activates the protein when a ligand binds, and the other that inactivates the protein when the same ligand binds. 
D)  They contain more than one ligand-binding site, and noncovalent binding of a ligand to one site alters the shape of other ligand-binding sites. 
E)  They contain no binding sites of their own, but act by modulating the activity of other proteins. 
A)  They contain two polypeptide chains, with each being an exact mirror image of the other. 
B)  They contain only one ligand-binding site, but because the specificity is low, many different ligands can bind to it. 
C)  They contain two ligand-binding sites, one that activates the protein when a ligand binds, and the other that inactivates the protein when the same ligand binds. 
D)  They contain more than one ligand-binding site, and noncovalent binding of a ligand to one site alters the shape of other ligand-binding sites. 
E)  They contain no binding sites of their own, but act by modulating the activity of other proteins.

Question 10

Which is true about the structure and function of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an uncoiled protein that contains information necessary for the synthesis of other proteins. 
B)  It is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that acts as an enzyme to digest proteins. 
C)  It is composed of many molecules of DNA and contains information needed to make RNA. 
D)  It is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that contains information necessary for the synthesis of proteins. 
A)  It is an uncoiled protein that contains information necessary for the synthesis of other proteins. 
B)  It is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that acts as an enzyme to digest proteins. 
C)  It is composed of many molecules of DNA and contains information needed to make RNA. 
D)  It is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that contains information necessary for the synthesis of proteins.

Question 11

An essential nutrient is one necessary for good health that may or may not be synthesized by the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Removal of the amino group from an amino acid is necessary before the amino acid can be metabolized for energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The reactions of the Krebs cycle:

Accepted Answer

A)  take place in the cytosol of human cells. 
B)  generate ATP directly by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
C)  are important for the metabolism of carbohydrates but not other molecules. 
D)  take place only when no oxygen is present. 
E)  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products. 
A)  take place in the cytosol of human cells. 
B)  generate ATP directly by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
C)  are important for the metabolism of carbohydrates but not other molecules. 
D)  take place only when no oxygen is present. 
E)  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

Question 14

What is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  a triplet of deoxyribonucleotides 
B)  a triplet of ribonucleotides 
C)  a sequence of ribonucleotides on tRNA 
D)  a very small gene 
E)  a very small genome 
A)  a triplet of deoxyribonucleotides 
B)  a triplet of ribonucleotides 
C)  a sequence of ribonucleotides on tRNA 
D)  a very small gene 
E)  a very small genome

Question 15

The first step in glycogen synthesis is the phosphorylation of glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The promoter sequence of nucleotides in a gene is present on both strands of the DNA molecule, allowing transcription of both strands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The organelles that digest engulfed bacteria and cell debris are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisomes. 
B)  endosomes. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  mitochondria. 
A)  peroxisomes. 
B)  endosomes. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  mitochondria.

Question 18

The special functions of plasma and organelle membranes depend primarily on the specific composition of the phospholipids of those membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In order to increase the overall rate of a metabolic pathway consisting of five reactions catalyzed by five different enzymes, which must occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the reaction rate of all five enzymes 
B)  increasing the reaction rate of the fastest enzyme 
C)  increasing the reaction rate of the slowest enzyme 
D)  increasing the reaction rate of the first enzyme in the pathway 
E)  increasing the reaction rate of the last enzyme in the pathway 
A)  increasing the reaction rate of all five enzymes 
B)  increasing the reaction rate of the fastest enzyme 
C)  increasing the reaction rate of the slowest enzyme 
D)  increasing the reaction rate of the first enzyme in the pathway 
E)  increasing the reaction rate of the last enzyme in the pathway

Question 20

What is the function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lowers the activation energy of the reaction. 
B)  It is split into individual molecules that are products of the reaction. 
C)  It changes the energy content of the reactants. 
D)  It generates heat that makes the reaction proceed. 
E)  It ensures that the reaction can proceed only in one direction, from reactants to products. 
A)  It lowers the activation energy of the reaction. 
B)  It is split into individual molecules that are products of the reaction. 
C)  It changes the energy content of the reactants. 
D)  It generates heat that makes the reaction proceed. 
E)  It ensures that the reaction can proceed only in one direction, from reactants to products.

Proteins are broken down to amino acids by enzymes called transaminases.

The nucleotide triplet in tRNA that base-pairs with a complementary triplet in mRNA is called the codon.

Any given protein contains binding sites for only one kind of ligand.

There are twenty different molecules of tRNA.

Which of these covalently modifies proteins by phosphorylation?

Which is NOT true about a binding site on a protein?

In general, the larger the number of different ligands that can bind to a particular binding site on a protein, the less the specificity of that binding site.

During anaerobic glycolysis, a net of two molecules of ATP are generated for each molecule of glucose broken down.

What is the defining characteristic of an allosteric protein?

Which is true about the structure and function of a gene?

An essential nutrient is one necessary for good health that may or may not be synthesized by the body.

Removal of the amino group from an amino acid is necessary before the amino acid can be metabolized for energy.

The reactions of the Krebs cycle:

What is a codon?

The first step in glycogen synthesis is the phosphorylation of glucose.

The promoter sequence of nucleotides in a gene is present on both strands of the DNA molecule, allowing transcription of both strands.

The organelles that digest engulfed bacteria and cell debris are the:

The special functions of plasma and organelle membranes depend primarily on the specific composition of the phospholipids of those membranes.

In order to increase the overall rate of a metabolic pathway consisting of five reactions catalyzed by five different enzymes, which must occur?

What is the function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Proteins are broken down to amino acids by enzymes called transaminases.

The nucleotide triplet in tRNA that base-pairs with a complementary triplet in mRNA is called the codon.

Any given protein contains binding sites for only one kind of ligand.

There are twenty different molecules of tRNA.

Which of these covalently modifies proteins by phosphorylation?

Which is NOT true about a binding site on a protein?

In general, the larger the number of different ligands that can bind to a particular binding site on a protein, the less the specificity of that binding site.

During anaerobic glycolysis, a net of two molecules of ATP are generated for each molecule of glucose broken down.

What is the defining characteristic of an allosteric protein?

Which is true about the structure and function of a gene?

An essential nutrient is one necessary for good health that may or may not be synthesized by the body.

Removal of the amino group from an amino acid is necessary before the amino acid can be metabolized for energy.

The reactions of the Krebs cycle:

What is a codon?

The first step in glycogen synthesis is the phosphorylation of glucose.

The promoter sequence of nucleotides in a gene is present on both strands of the DNA molecule, allowing transcription of both strands.

The organelles that digest engulfed bacteria and cell debris are the:

The special functions of plasma and organelle membranes depend primarily on the specific composition of the phospholipids of those membranes.

In order to increase the overall rate of a metabolic pathway consisting of five reactions catalyzed by five different enzymes, which must occur?

What is the function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters