Question 1

The primary effect of inositol trisphosphate (IP3)during T-cell activation is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cause an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration 
B) activate phospholipase C-γ 
C) activate a MAP kinase cascade 
D) facilitate the differentiation of immature effector T cells 
E) align the microtubule-organizing center toward the antigen-presenting cell. 
A) cause an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration 
B) activate phospholipase C-γ 
C) activate a MAP kinase cascade 
D) facilitate the differentiation of immature effector T cells 
E) align the microtubule-organizing center toward the antigen-presenting cell.

Question 2

Unlike innate immune responses,which can begin within hours of the onset of an infection,adaptive immune responses involving T cells usually take several days.What accounts for this delay between the initiation of an infection and the engagement of an adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

irst,antigen needs to be transported to

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding leprosy is false?

Accepted Answer

A) It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. 
B) Disease progression is influenced depending on whether the immune response is polarized toward either a TH1 or TH2 response. 
C) The tuberculoid form of leprosy is associated with localized inflammation and granuloma formation. 
D) In lepromatous leprosy,the patient makes a TH2 response that clears the mycobacteria from the body. 
E) The less severe form of leprosy presents with high levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ produced by responding T cells. 
A) It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. 
B) Disease progression is influenced depending on whether the immune response is polarized toward either a TH1 or TH2 response. 
C) The tuberculoid form of leprosy is associated with localized inflammation and granuloma formation. 
D) In lepromatous leprosy,the patient makes a TH2 response that clears the mycobacteria from the body. 
E) The less severe form of leprosy presents with high levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ produced by responding T cells.

Question 4

Which of the following describes an activated dendritic cell upon arriving in a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

A) located in follicles and medulla of the lymph node 
B) associated mainly with antigen uptake and processing 
C) bears highly elaborated finger-like processes called dendrites 
D) expresses low levels of MHC class II molecules 
E) carries out apoptosis of lymphocytes. 
A) located in follicles and medulla of the lymph node 
B) associated mainly with antigen uptake and processing 
C) bears highly elaborated finger-like processes called dendrites 
D) expresses low levels of MHC class II molecules 
E) carries out apoptosis of lymphocytes.

Question 5

The release of lytic granules from cytotoxic T cells is aimed specifically at infected target cells while preserving the integrity of neighboring,uninfected cells.This is best explained by the observation that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) only target cells bearing appropriate peptide:MHC class I complexes are susceptible to necrosis 
B) redistribution of lytic granules in the T cell delivers them to confined areas on the target cell in contact with the T cell 
C) regulatory T cells deliver survival signals to uninfected neighboring cells that renders them resistant to cytotoxins 
D) the amount of cytotoxins in a given cytotoxic T cell is so limited that only the cell closest to the T cell will succumb to the effects of perforin and granzyme 
E) uninfected cells are highly resistant to the effects of cytotoxins. 
A) only target cells bearing appropriate peptide:MHC class I complexes are susceptible to necrosis 
B) redistribution of lytic granules in the T cell delivers them to confined areas on the target cell in contact with the T cell 
C) regulatory T cells deliver survival signals to uninfected neighboring cells that renders them resistant to cytotoxins 
D) the amount of cytotoxins in a given cytotoxic T cell is so limited that only the cell closest to the T cell will succumb to the effects of perforin and granzyme 
E) uninfected cells are highly resistant to the effects of cytotoxins.

Question 6

An adhesion molecule called _____ is expressed exclusively on activated dendritic cells and binds to _____ on naive T cells in the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) DC-SIGN; ICAM-3 
B) CD2; LFA-3 
C) MHC class II; T-cell receptor 
D) L-selectin; GlyCAM-1 
E) ICAM-1; LFA-1. 
A) DC-SIGN; ICAM-3 
B) CD2; LFA-3 
C) MHC class II; T-cell receptor 
D) L-selectin; GlyCAM-1 
E) ICAM-1; LFA-1.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: TS1U1B1HS1U1B017 cells
plasmacytoid dendritic cells
TS1U1B1FHS1U1B0 cells
mature dendritic cells
TS1U1B1HS1U1B01 cells

Accepted Answer

The Answer of possess elaborate finger-like processes that interact with is...

Question 8

In the absence of a co-receptor (CD4 or CD8 for T helper cells or cytotoxic T cells,respectively),T cells require _____ specific peptide:MHC complexes on the antigen-presenting cell compared with interactions involving a co-receptor.

Accepted Answer

A) more 
B) fewer 
C) the same number of. 
A) more 
B) fewer 
C) the same number of.

Question 9

Why are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)important for adaptive immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of TLRs on dendritic cells b

Question 10

The enzyme that generates diacylglycerol (DAG)and inositol trisphosphate (IP3)from phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2)is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) 
B) calcineurin 
C) phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) 
D) protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 
E) protein tyrosine kinase Lck 
A) protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) 
B) calcineurin 
C) phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) 
D) protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 
E) protein tyrosine kinase Lck

Question 11

T cells failing to encounter specific antigen leave lymph nodes via the _________.

Accepted Answer

A) germinal center 
B) bloodstream 
C) high endothelial venules 
D) afferent lymph 
E) efferent lymph. 
A) germinal center 
B) bloodstream 
C) high endothelial venules 
D) afferent lymph 
E) efferent lymph.

Question 12

An important way in which effector T cells differ from naive T cells is that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the cell-surface level of LFA-1 is lower on effector T cells 
B) L-selectin is upregulated during differentiation of effector T cells 
C) cellular proliferation occurs after effector T cells leave the secondary lymphoid tissues 
D) the provision of co-stimulatory signals is not required to induce a response by effector T cells 
E) effector T cells do not recirculate between lymph,blood,and secondary lymphoid tissues. 
A) the cell-surface level of LFA-1 is lower on effector T cells 
B) L-selectin is upregulated during differentiation of effector T cells 
C) cellular proliferation occurs after effector T cells leave the secondary lymphoid tissues 
D) the provision of co-stimulatory signals is not required to induce a response by effector T cells 
E) effector T cells do not recirculate between lymph,blood,and secondary lymphoid tissues.

Question 13

Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a _____-type response in which patients _____.

Accepted Answer

A) TH2; usually survive 
B) TH2; eventually die 
C) TH1; usually survive 
D) TH1; eventually die 
E) Treg; eventually die. 
A) TH2; usually survive 
B) TH2; eventually die 
C) TH1; usually survive 
D) TH1; eventually die 
E) Treg; eventually die.

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: ICAM-1
CD2
ICAM-3
CCR7
L-selectin
B7

Accepted Answer

The Answer of LFA-1 and DC-SIGN and sialyl-LewisX carbohydrate of is...

Question 15

A.	At which anatomical sites do naive T cells encounter antigen?
B.	In which sites specifically would a pathogen or its antigens end up, and how would they be transported to these sites, if they (i) entered the body through a small wound in the skin, (ii) entered the body from the gut, or (iii) got into the bloodstream?
C.	How do naive T cells arrive at these sites?
D.	Do all T cells leave these locations after priming, and if so, how?

Accepted Answer

.Naive T cells encounter antigen,and sta

Question 16

What are the roles of the following molecules in the signal transduction pathway leading from the T-cell receptor: (i)the CD3 complex; (ii)protein tyrosine kinase Lck; (iii)CD45; (iv)ZAP-70; (v)the ζ chain; (vi)inositol trisphosphate (IP3); (vii)calcineurin?

Accepted Answer

(i)The CD3 subunits γ,δ,and ε associated

Question 17

Which of the following statements is false regarding CD8 T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) CD8 T cells have only one effector function,which is cytotoxicity. 
B) Compared with naive CD4 T cells,naive CD8 T cells have more stringent requirements for co-stimulatory activity. 
C) Effector CD8 cells require co-stimulation to kill their target cells. 
D) The most potent antigen-presenting cell for naive CD8 T cells is the dendritic cell. 
A) CD8 T cells have only one effector function,which is cytotoxicity. 
B) Compared with naive CD4 T cells,naive CD8 T cells have more stringent requirements for co-stimulatory activity. 
C) Effector CD8 cells require co-stimulation to kill their target cells. 
D) The most potent antigen-presenting cell for naive CD8 T cells is the dendritic cell.

Question 18

Talin is best described as a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) protein tyrosine kinase 
B) transcriptional activator 
C) cytoskeletal protein 
D) pro-inflammatory cytokine 
E) cytokine receptor that associates with Janus kinases (JAKs). 
A) protein tyrosine kinase 
B) transcriptional activator 
C) cytoskeletal protein 
D) pro-inflammatory cytokine 
E) cytokine receptor that associates with Janus kinases (JAKs).

Question 19

Many cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called _____,which become activated when the cytokine receptors bind to their respective cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A) ZAP-70 
B) STATs 
C) Lck 
D) ITAMS 
E) JAKs. 
A) ZAP-70 
B) STATs 
C) Lck 
D) ITAMS 
E) JAKs.

Question 20

The co-stimulatory molecule _____ on professional antigen-presenting cells binds _____ on the surface of naive T cells.

Accepted Answer

A) DC-SIGN; ICAM-3 
B) B7; CD28 
C) ICAM-1; LFA-1 
D) MHC class II; T-cell receptor 
E) MHC class II; CD4. 
A) DC-SIGN; ICAM-3 
B) B7; CD28 
C) ICAM-1; LFA-1 
D) MHC class II; T-cell receptor 
E) MHC class II; CD4.

The primary effect of inositol trisphosphate (IP₃)during T-cell activation is to _____.

Unlike innate immune responses,which can begin within hours of the onset of an infection,adaptive immune responses involving T cells usually take several days.What accounts for this delay between the initiation of an infection and the engagement of an adaptive immune response?

Which of the following statements regarding leprosy is false?

Which of the following describes an activated dendritic cell upon arriving in a lymph node?

The release of lytic granules from cytotoxic T cells is aimed specifically at infected target cells while preserving the integrity of neighboring,uninfected cells.This is best explained by the observation that _____.

An adhesion molecule called _ is expressed exclusively on activated dendritic cells and binds to _ on naive T cells in the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid tissue.

In the absence of a co-receptor (CD4 or CD8 for T helper cells or cytotoxic T cells,respectively),T cells require _____ specific peptide:MHC complexes on the antigen-presenting cell compared with interactions involving a co-receptor.

Why are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)important for adaptive immune responses?

The enzyme that generates diacylglycerol (DAG)and inositol trisphosphate (IP₃)from phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP₂)is _____.

T cells failing to encounter specific antigen leave lymph nodes via the _________.

An important way in which effector T cells differ from naive T cells is that _____.

Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a _-type response in which patients _.

What are the roles of the following molecules in the signal transduction pathway leading from the T-cell receptor: (i)the CD3 complex; (ii)protein tyrosine kinase Lck; (iii)CD45; (iv)ZAP-70; (v)the ζ chain; (vi)inositol trisphosphate (IP₃); (vii)calcineurin?

Which of the following statements is false regarding CD8 T cells?

Talin is best described as a _____.

Many cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called _____,which become activated when the cytokine receptors bind to their respective cytokines.

The co-stimulatory molecule _ on professional antigen-presenting cells binds _ on the surface of naive T cells.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 8: T Cell-Mediated Immunity

The primary effect of inositol trisphosphate (IP3)during T-cell activation is to _____.

Unlike innate immune responses,which can begin within hours of the onset of an infection,adaptive immune responses involving T cells usually take several days.What accounts for this delay between the initiation of an infection and the engagement of an adaptive immune response?

Which of the following statements regarding leprosy is false?

Which of the following describes an activated dendritic cell upon arriving in a lymph node?

The release of lytic granules from cytotoxic T cells is aimed specifically at infected target cells while preserving the integrity of neighboring,uninfected cells.This is best explained by the observation that _____.

An adhesion molecule called _____ is expressed exclusively on activated dendritic cells and binds to _____ on naive T cells in the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid tissue.

In the absence of a co-receptor (CD4 or CD8 for T helper cells or cytotoxic T cells,respectively),T cells require _____ specific peptide:MHC complexes on the antigen-presenting cell compared with interactions involving a co-receptor.

Why are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)important for adaptive immune responses?

The enzyme that generates diacylglycerol (DAG)and inositol trisphosphate (IP3)from phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2)is _____.

T cells failing to encounter specific antigen leave lymph nodes via the _________.

An important way in which effector T cells differ from naive T cells is that _____.

Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a _____-type response in which patients _____.

What are the roles of the following molecules in the signal transduction pathway leading from the T-cell receptor: (i)the CD3 complex; (ii)protein tyrosine kinase Lck; (iii)CD45; (iv)ZAP-70; (v)the ζ chain; (vi)inositol trisphosphate (IP3); (vii)calcineurin?

Which of the following statements is false regarding CD8 T cells?

Talin is best described as a _____.

Many cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called _____,which become activated when the cytokine receptors bind to their respective cytokines.

The co-stimulatory molecule _____ on professional antigen-presenting cells binds _____ on the surface of naive T cells.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

The primary effect of inositol trisphosphate (IP₃)during T-cell activation is to _____.

An adhesion molecule called _ is expressed exclusively on activated dendritic cells and binds to _ on naive T cells in the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid tissue.

The enzyme that generates diacylglycerol (DAG)and inositol trisphosphate (IP₃)from phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP₂)is _____.

Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a _-type response in which patients _.

What are the roles of the following molecules in the signal transduction pathway leading from the T-cell receptor: (i)the CD3 complex; (ii)protein tyrosine kinase Lck; (iii)CD45; (iv)ZAP-70; (v)the ζ chain; (vi)inositol trisphosphate (IP₃); (vii)calcineurin?

The co-stimulatory molecule _ on professional antigen-presenting cells binds _ on the surface of naive T cells.