Question 1

The process of _____ results in the amplification of particular B cells with specificity for antigen:

Accepted Answer

A) germline recombination 
B) somatic recombination 
C) clonal selection 
D) antigen processing 
E) antigen presentation. 
A) germline recombination 
B) somatic recombination 
C) clonal selection 
D) antigen processing 
E) antigen presentation.

Question 2

IgM and IgD are co-expressed on naive B cells by a process called

Accepted Answer

A) isotype switching 
B) somatic recombination 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) alternative mRNA splicing 
E) affinity maturation. 
A) isotype switching 
B) somatic recombination 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) alternative mRNA splicing 
E) affinity maturation.

Question 3

Neutralizing antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with antigen degradation 
B) facilitate uptake of antigen through Fc regions 
C) stimulate complement activation 
D) inhibit interaction of antigen with human cell surfaces 
E) sensitize mast cells and basophils. 
A) interfere with antigen degradation 
B) facilitate uptake of antigen through Fc regions 
C) stimulate complement activation 
D) inhibit interaction of antigen with human cell surfaces 
E) sensitize mast cells and basophils.

Question 4

The antibody transported across mucosal epithelia is _____:

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM. 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM.

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin is transported most efficiently across mucosal epithelium?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM. 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM.

Question 6

The immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene consists of _______ segments,whereas the immunoglobulin light-chain gene consists of _______ segments.

Accepted Answer

A) κ; λ 
B) VDJ; VJ 
C) VJ; VDJ 
D) P; N 
E) RAG-1; RAG-2. 
A) κ; λ 
B) VDJ; VJ 
C) VJ; VDJ 
D) P; N 
E) RAG-1; RAG-2.

Question 7

Which of the following corresponds to the antigen-binding site of immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

A) VH:CH 
B) VH:VL 
C) VL:CL 
D) CH:CL 
E) VH:CL. 
A) VH:CH 
B) VH:VL 
C) VL:CL 
D) CH:CL 
E) VH:CL.

Question 8

A.	What are the functions of the Igα and Igβ proteins?
B.	Explain why it is desirable that they do not vary in sequence from cell to cell in the same way that immunoglobulins do.

Accepted Answer

A.Igα and Igβ are essential for escortin

Question 9

All of the following are required for isotype switching except

Accepted Answer

A) switch-region recombination 
B) J chain 
C) activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AI
D)  
D) B-cell proliferation 
E) uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG). 
A) switch-region recombination 
B) J chain 
C) activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AI
D)  
D) B-cell proliferation 
E) uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG).

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: opsonization
somatic hypermutation
isotype switching
somatic recombination.
monoclonal antibody production

Accepted Answer

The Answer of the derivation of antibodies from a single is...

Question 11

Influenza virus contains two proteins,called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase,exposed on the surface of the virion.Two additional proteins,located on the interior of the virion,are called matrix protein and nucleoprotein.Which of these four proteins will generate a better antibody response and why?

Accepted Answer

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidas

Question 12

A.Explain why catalytic antibodies are attracting attention in the medical field.
B.Provide two potential examples.

Accepted Answer

A.Catalytic antibodies bind with a high

Question 13

Monoclonal antibodies are used for a wide range of applications including serological assays and diagnostics probes in the laboratory,and as therapeutic reagents in the clinic.Discuss why 'humanizing' monoclonal antibodies is necessary for use as therapeutic reagents but is not necessary when monoclonal antibodies are used as serological or diagnostic reagents.

Accepted Answer

Mice are used routinely to generate mono

Question 14

Which immunoglobulin isotypes (out of IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, and IgD) participate in (a) neutralization; (b) opsonization; (c) sensitization for killing by NK cells; (d) sensitization of mast cells; (e) activation of complement? Which isotypes (f) are transported across epithelium; (g) are transported across the placenta; (h) diffuse into extravascular sites?

Accepted Answer

A.Neutralization: IgM,IgG1,IgG2,IgG3,IgG

Question 15

Identify the correct order of gene segments in a rearranged heavy-chain gene in a naive B cell.

Accepted Answer

A) L-VDJ-Cμ-Cδ 
B) VDJ-Cμ-Cδ-L 
C) L-VDJ-Cδ-Cμ 
D) VDJ-L-Cμ-Cα1 
E) L-VDJ-Cμ-Cα1. 
A) L-VDJ-Cμ-Cδ 
B) VDJ-Cμ-Cδ-L 
C) L-VDJ-Cδ-Cμ 
D) VDJ-L-Cμ-Cα1 
E) L-VDJ-Cμ-Cα1.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a term used to describe the molecules or components of molecules to which antibodies bind? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) CDR loops 
B) antigen 
C) hypervariable region 
D) antigenic determinant 
E) conformational epitope. 
A) CDR loops 
B) antigen 
C) hypervariable region 
D) antigenic determinant 
E) conformational epitope.

Question 17

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) surface immunoglobulin: B-cell antigen receptor 
B) affinity maturation: isotype switching 
C) constant region of antibodies: binding to complement proteins 
D) activation-induced cytidine deaminase: somatic hypermutation 
E) switch sequences: class switching. 
A) surface immunoglobulin: B-cell antigen receptor 
B) affinity maturation: isotype switching 
C) constant region of antibodies: binding to complement proteins 
D) activation-induced cytidine deaminase: somatic hypermutation 
E) switch sequences: class switching.

Question 18

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) 100-110-amino-acid motif: immunoglobulin domain 
B) discontinuous epitope: amino acids that are separated in the protein chain but come together in the folded protein 
C) heavy-chain classes: IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE,IgD 
D) multivalent antigen: antigen that carries several epitopes of the same or different specificity 
E) four C domains: IgM and IgD. 
A) 100-110-amino-acid motif: immunoglobulin domain 
B) discontinuous epitope: amino acids that are separated in the protein chain but come together in the folded protein 
C) heavy-chain classes: IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE,IgD 
D) multivalent antigen: antigen that carries several epitopes of the same or different specificity 
E) four C domains: IgM and IgD.

Question 19

The process of gene rearrangement in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes is called

Accepted Answer

A) somatic hypermutation 
B) isotype switching 
C) somatic recombination 
D) apoptosis 
E) clonal selection. 
A) somatic hypermutation 
B) isotype switching 
C) somatic recombination 
D) apoptosis 
E) clonal selection.

Question 20

The five classes (isotypes)of immunoglobulins comprise

Accepted Answer

A) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgM 
B) IgA,IgC,IgD,IgE,IgG 
C) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgH,IgM 
D) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgK 
E) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgS. 
A) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgM 
B) IgA,IgC,IgD,IgE,IgG 
C) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgH,IgM 
D) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgK 
E) IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgS.

The process of _____ results in the amplification of particular B cells with specificity for antigen:

IgM and IgD are co-expressed on naive B cells by a process called

Neutralizing antibodies

The antibody transported across mucosal epithelia is _____:

Which immunoglobulin is transported most efficiently across mucosal epithelium?

The immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene consists of _ segments,whereas the immunoglobulin light-chain gene consists of _ segments.

Which of the following corresponds to the antigen-binding site of immunoglobulins?

A. What are the functions of the Igα and Igβ proteins? B. Explain why it is desirable that they do not vary in sequence from cell to cell in the same way that immunoglobulins do.

All of the following are required for isotype switching except

Influenza virus contains two proteins,called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase,exposed on the surface of the virion.Two additional proteins,located on the interior of the virion,are called matrix protein and nucleoprotein.Which of these four proteins will generate a better antibody response and why?

A.Explain why catalytic antibodies are attracting attention in the medical field. B.Provide two potential examples.

Identify the correct order of gene segments in a rearranged heavy-chain gene in a naive B cell.

Which of the following is not a term used to describe the molecules or components of molecules to which antibodies bind? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is mismatched?

The process of gene rearrangement in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes is called

The five classes (isotypes)of immunoglobulins comprise

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 4: Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

The process of _____ results in the amplification of particular B cells with specificity for antigen:

IgM and IgD are co-expressed on naive B cells by a process called

Neutralizing antibodies

The antibody transported across mucosal epithelia is _____:

Which immunoglobulin is transported most efficiently across mucosal epithelium?

The immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene consists of _______ segments,whereas the immunoglobulin light-chain gene consists of _______ segments.

Which of the following corresponds to the antigen-binding site of immunoglobulins?

A. What are the functions of the Igα and Igβ proteins? B. Explain why it is desirable that they do not vary in sequence from cell to cell in the same way that immunoglobulins do.

All of the following are required for isotype switching except

Influenza virus contains two proteins,called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase,exposed on the surface of the virion.Two additional proteins,located on the interior of the virion,are called matrix protein and nucleoprotein.Which of these four proteins will generate a better antibody response and why?

A.Explain why catalytic antibodies are attracting attention in the medical field. B.Provide two potential examples.

Identify the correct order of gene segments in a rearranged heavy-chain gene in a naive B cell.

Which of the following is not a term used to describe the molecules or components of molecules to which antibodies bind? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is mismatched?

The process of gene rearrangement in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes is called

The five classes (isotypes)of immunoglobulins comprise

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

The immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene consists of _ segments,whereas the immunoglobulin light-chain gene consists of _ segments.