Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin light chains is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) κ associates with only particular heavy-chain isotypes. 
B) There is no functional difference between κ and λ. 
C) A given antibody may contain just κ,or just λ,or both. 
D) Most antibodies in humans contain λ light chains. 
E) Light chains possess only framework regions,not hypervariable regions. 
A) κ associates with only particular heavy-chain isotypes. 
B) There is no functional difference between κ and λ. 
C) A given antibody may contain just κ,or just λ,or both. 
D) Most antibodies in humans contain λ light chains. 
E) Light chains possess only framework regions,not hypervariable regions.

Question 2

All of the following processes occur in mature B cells after antigen encounter except

Accepted Answer

A) alternative splicing 
B) affinity maturation 
C) proliferation 
D) somatic recombination 
E) isotype switching. 
A) alternative splicing 
B) affinity maturation 
C) proliferation 
D) somatic recombination 
E) isotype switching.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding Igα and Igβ proteins are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) They associate with all isotypes of antibodies on the cell membrane. 
B) They are not required to form the fully functional B-cell receptor. 
C) They facilitate signal transduction through their long cytoplasmic tails. 
D) They are linked to one another by disulfide linkages. 
E) They are made by somatic rearrangement. 
A) They associate with all isotypes of antibodies on the cell membrane. 
B) They are not required to form the fully functional B-cell receptor. 
C) They facilitate signal transduction through their long cytoplasmic tails. 
D) They are linked to one another by disulfide linkages. 
E) They are made by somatic rearrangement.

Question 4

What would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of recombination between the switch regions in the immunoglobulin C-region genes?

Accepted Answer

The B cells in a person carrying such a

Question 5

A.Identify the four types of antibody used for therapeutic purposes.
B.How is each produced?
C.(i)Which is most desirable for the treatment of chronic conditions? (ii)Why? (iii)Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

A.The four types of therapeutic antibody

Question 6

As an adaptive immune response progresses,the production of variant antibodies that compete more effectively for antigen occurs,and B cells producing these antibodies are preferentially selected on the basis of their improved binding to antigen.This phenomenon is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

A) isotype switching 
B) neutralization 
C) allelic exclusion 
D) affinity maturation 
E) somatic rearrangement. 
A) isotype switching 
B) neutralization 
C) allelic exclusion 
D) affinity maturation 
E) somatic rearrangement.

Question 7

A.What is the difference between polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies?
B.How is each produced?

Accepted Answer

A.Polyclonal antibodies are a mixture of

Question 8

The highest degree of diversity resulting from somatic recombination is concentrated ____________ of the VH and VL domains,whereas the point mutations caused by somatic hypermutation are found ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) in CDR3; throughout the V region 
B) in CDR3; in CDR1 and CDR2 of VH and VL domains 
C) in CDR1 and CDR2; in CDR3 
D) in CDR1 and CDR2; throughout the V region 
E) in all three CDRs; in C regions. 
A) in CDR3; throughout the V region 
B) in CDR3; in CDR1 and CDR2 of VH and VL domains 
C) in CDR1 and CDR2; in CDR3 
D) in CDR1 and CDR2; throughout the V region 
E) in all three CDRs; in C regions.

Question 9

The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies that bind antigen with higher affinity is called _____:

Accepted Answer

A) somatic recombination 
B) isotype switching 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) clonal selection 
E) antigen processing. 
A) somatic recombination 
B) isotype switching 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) clonal selection 
E) antigen processing.

Question 10

The process used to produce either surface or secreted forms of the immunoglobulin heavy chain is called

Accepted Answer

A) alternative RNA processing 
B) isotype switching 
C) somatic recombination 
D) somatic hypermutation 
E) opsonization. 
A) alternative RNA processing 
B) isotype switching 
C) somatic recombination 
D) somatic hypermutation 
E) opsonization.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the production and use of monoclonal antibodies is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Production of monoclonal antibodies requires a purified form of antigen. 
B) A monoclonal antibody has specificity for only one epitope of an antigen. 
C) B cells are fused with a tumor cell called a myeloma,to immortalize the resulting hybridoma. 
D) Monoclonal antibodies made in mice have limited therapeutic potential. 
E) Humanized monoclonal antibodies reduce complications associated with using mouse monoclonal antibodies. 
A) Production of monoclonal antibodies requires a purified form of antigen. 
B) A monoclonal antibody has specificity for only one epitope of an antigen. 
C) B cells are fused with a tumor cell called a myeloma,to immortalize the resulting hybridoma. 
D) Monoclonal antibodies made in mice have limited therapeutic potential. 
E) Humanized monoclonal antibodies reduce complications associated with using mouse monoclonal antibodies.

Question 12

The third hypervariable region (CDR3)is the most variable site in an immunoglobulin V region.It differs in its composition between the light-chain and heavy-chain V regions.Explain what this difference is and how the diversity in CDR3 is generated.

Accepted Answer

CDR3 of the light chain is composed main

Question 13

A.What is isotype switching?
B.Explain the molecular mechanism of isotype switching.
C.Why is isotype switching important?

Accepted Answer

A.Isotype switching is the process by wh

Question 14

Describe the process responsible for altering the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to secreted antibody.

Accepted Answer

Whether immunoglobulin is expressed as a

Question 15

Identify which of the following is not associated with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)activity.

Accepted Answer

A) diversification of the VH domain but not the VL domain 
B) synthesized in proliferating B cells during active immune responses 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) isotype switching 
E) conversion of cytosine to uracil. 
A) diversification of the VH domain but not the VL domain 
B) synthesized in proliferating B cells during active immune responses 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) isotype switching 
E) conversion of cytosine to uracil.

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: myeloma
hybridoma
chimeric monoclonal antibody
antiserum
monoclonal antibody

Accepted Answer

The Answer of engineered antibody containing mouse V regions and is...

Question 17

would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of somatic recombination between V,D,and J segments?

Accepted Answer

An individual with this genetic defect w

Question 18

Which of the following is matched incorrectly?

Accepted Answer

A) κ light-chain locus: chromosome 2 
B) coding joint: nonhomologous end-joining of V and J gene segments 
C) λ light-chain locus: four or five C gene segments 
D) affinity maturation: addition of P and N nucleotides 
E) recombination signal sequence: heptamer-spacer-nonamer. 
A) κ light-chain locus: chromosome 2 
B) coding joint: nonhomologous end-joining of V and J gene segments 
C) λ light-chain locus: four or five C gene segments 
D) affinity maturation: addition of P and N nucleotides 
E) recombination signal sequence: heptamer-spacer-nonamer.

Question 19

Which of the following can be found in serum in a monovalent form?

Accepted Answer

A) IgG4 
B) IgD 
C) IgA1 
D) antibodies made up of four C domains 
E) IgG3. 
A) IgG4 
B) IgD 
C) IgA1 
D) antibodies made up of four C domains 
E) IgG3.

Question 20

_______ forms dimers,whereas _______ forms pentamers.

Accepted Answer

A) IgG; IgD 
B) IgE; IgM 
C) IgD; IgM 
D) IgA; IgM 
E) IgM; IgG. 
A) IgG; IgD 
B) IgE; IgM 
C) IgD; IgM 
D) IgA; IgM 
E) IgM; IgG.

Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin light chains is correct?

All of the following processes occur in mature B cells after antigen encounter except

Which of the following statements regarding Igα and Igβ proteins are correct? (Select all that apply.)

What would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of recombination between the switch regions in the immunoglobulin C-region genes?

A.Identify the four types of antibody used for therapeutic purposes. B.How is each produced? C.(i)Which is most desirable for the treatment of chronic conditions? (ii)Why? (iii)Provide an example.

As an adaptive immune response progresses,the production of variant antibodies that compete more effectively for antigen occurs,and B cells producing these antibodies are preferentially selected on the basis of their improved binding to antigen.This phenomenon is referred to as _______.

A.What is the difference between polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies? B.How is each produced?

The highest degree of diversity resulting from somatic recombination is concentrated ____________ of the V_H and V_L domains,whereas the point mutations caused by somatic hypermutation are found ____________.

The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies that bind antigen with higher affinity is called _____:

The process used to produce either surface or secreted forms of the immunoglobulin heavy chain is called

Which of the following statements about the production and use of monoclonal antibodies is incorrect?

The third hypervariable region (CDR3)is the most variable site in an immunoglobulin V region.It differs in its composition between the light-chain and heavy-chain V regions.Explain what this difference is and how the diversity in CDR3 is generated.

A.What is isotype switching? B.Explain the molecular mechanism of isotype switching. C.Why is isotype switching important?

Describe the process responsible for altering the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to secreted antibody.

Identify which of the following is not associated with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)activity.

would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of somatic recombination between V,D,and J segments?

Which of the following is matched incorrectly?

Which of the following can be found in serum in a monovalent form?

_ forms dimers,whereas _ forms pentamers.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 4: Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin light chains is correct?

All of the following processes occur in mature B cells after antigen encounter except

Which of the following statements regarding Igα and Igβ proteins are correct? (Select all that apply.)

What would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of recombination between the switch regions in the immunoglobulin C-region genes?

A.Identify the four types of antibody used for therapeutic purposes. B.How is each produced? C.(i)Which is most desirable for the treatment of chronic conditions? (ii)Why? (iii)Provide an example.

As an adaptive immune response progresses,the production of variant antibodies that compete more effectively for antigen occurs,and B cells producing these antibodies are preferentially selected on the basis of their improved binding to antigen.This phenomenon is referred to as _______.

A.What is the difference between polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies? B.How is each produced?

The highest degree of diversity resulting from somatic recombination is concentrated ____________ of the VH and VL domains,whereas the point mutations caused by somatic hypermutation are found ____________.

The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies that bind antigen with higher affinity is called _____:

The process used to produce either surface or secreted forms of the immunoglobulin heavy chain is called

Which of the following statements about the production and use of monoclonal antibodies is incorrect?

The third hypervariable region (CDR3)is the most variable site in an immunoglobulin V region.It differs in its composition between the light-chain and heavy-chain V regions.Explain what this difference is and how the diversity in CDR3 is generated.

A.What is isotype switching? B.Explain the molecular mechanism of isotype switching. C.Why is isotype switching important?

Describe the process responsible for altering the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to secreted antibody.

Identify which of the following is not associated with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)activity.

would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of somatic recombination between V,D,and J segments?

Which of the following is matched incorrectly?

Which of the following can be found in serum in a monovalent form?

_______ forms dimers,whereas _______ forms pentamers.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

The highest degree of diversity resulting from somatic recombination is concentrated ____________ of the V_H and V_L domains,whereas the point mutations caused by somatic hypermutation are found ____________.

_ forms dimers,whereas _ forms pentamers.