Exam 4: Learning Memory

A stage in the cognitive development process is ________.

Behavioral learning theorists do not focus on internal thought processes; rather,they look to external evidence to study learning.What aspects of the environment are of most concern to behaviorists in studying learning?

Cognitive learning theory approaches tend to stress the importance of internal mental processes.

Erika,an analyst for a marketing research firm,has been tasked with observing and probing patient behaviors at a small Midwestern clinic.In her study,Erika noticed that many patients tended to underestimate the time since their last doctor visit.What type of memory lapse did Erika most likely observe?

Memories of products are often replaced (forgotten)as we learn additional information.This displacement of information is called ________.

Classical conditioning occurs when a stimulus that elicits a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own.

Melissa knows that when she goes to the dentist she must make an appointment,show up on time,bring proof of insurance,and have her teeth cleaned before any other dental services will be performed.With respect to her visit to the dentist,Melissa has learned a schema known as a(n)________.

Herbal companies traditionally sold their products in cylinder-shaped plastic containers that were very characteristic of the herbal supplement market.One company broke with tradition and began to sell its herbal products in bottles that appeared to be straight from the pharmacy's shelf.They were rectangular with white labels that looked very professional.Sales went through the roof.What form of stimulus generalization most likely worked for the herbal company?

For modeling behavior to occur during observational learning,four conditions must be met.What are those conditions? Be specific in your description.

Differentiate between the terms "learning" and "incidental learning."

The process of acquiring information and storing it over time is called ________.

Discuss stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.Provide an example of each that is relevant to the field of marketing.

________ learning occurs when an individual watches the actions of others and notes the reinforcements they receive for their behaviors.

The success of hybrid ads supports the idea that the viewing content of a marketing message affects recall.

________ memories relate to events that are personally relevant; therefore,a person's motivation to retain these memories will likely be strong.

________ memory permits the temporary storage of information we receive from our senses.

Which term refers to the bittersweet emotions that arise when a consumer views the past with happiness and sadness?

Punishment is one way that instrumental conditioning occurs.

When Shira was a young girl,her teacher gave her a sticker every time she earned above 90% on a test.Shira's teacher was using classical conditioning.

A cognitive framework we develop through experience is called ________.