Exam 4: Learning Memory

As May-Lee considers her purchase of shoes,she shifts back and forth between thinking about claims made by different brands,remembering what she has seen,and considering her emotional responses to various brands.Which term describes what May-Lee is doing?

What does salience of a brand refer to?

In instrumental conditioning,what is the distinction between negative reinforcement and punishment?

The spacing effect describes the tendency for consumers to recall printed material more effectively when the advertiser repeats the target item in a short time period rather than periodically over a longer time span.

Susan selects and runs her focus groups carefully.She wants to make sure that each focus group member provides meaningful information for her research purpose.As she is examining potential focus group candidates,she notices that three men and two women seem to provide "yes" answers regardless of what she asks them.They seem to want to be on the focus group very badly and appear eager to be "good subjects." If Susan follows prudent testing methodology,she should reject these test subjects in order to avoid the possibility of which of the following?

Much learning takes effort and time,but some learning is so casual as to be unintentional.This type of learning is referred to as ________ learning.

On her first visit to China,Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had selected at a market.She watched several Chinese women pay for their selections,and then Jane copied their behavior.In this example,Jane used ________.

List and explain the three stages of memory.

Instrumental conditioning occurs with ________.

If a conditioned stimulus is only occasionally matched with an unconditioned stimulus,the association between the two will become weakened.This is called ________.

Explain the term "extinction."

Which theory stresses the importance of internal mental processes?

________ refers to the tendency people have to react to stimuli similar to an original stimulus in a classical conditioning situation in much the same way they responded to the original stimulus.

Why would short-term memory be greatly impaired,or perhaps made impossible,without sensory memory?

When Pavlov's famous dog responded to a bell signaling feeding time,Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning.