Question 1

What nervous system is found in the intestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A) somatic nervous system 
B) afferent nervous system 
C) enteric nervous system 
D) central nervous system 
E) efferent nervous system 
A) somatic nervous system 
B) afferent nervous system 
C) enteric nervous system 
D) central nervous system 
E) efferent nervous system C

Question 2

Once an action potential is generated, there is a delay before another action potential can be generated. Name and describe the basis for the two refractory periods.

Accepted Answer

opening of the inactivation gate in a portion of the sodium channels. From the beginning to the end of the relative refractory period, the amplitude of the suprathreshold stimulus required to initiate an action potential is reduced as potassium permeability declines and more inactivation gates open. Early in the relative refractory period, all of the sodium channels have not returned to the resting state. At the same time, the cell must overcome a greater potassium current created by the number of open potassium channels that are repolarizing the cell. Thus, a greater depolarization is required.

Question 3

Tingling can be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The brain and spinal cord are part of which of the following branches of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) enteric nervous system 
C) efferent nervous system 
D) somatic nervous system 
E) afferent nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) enteric nervous system 
C) efferent nervous system 
D) somatic nervous system 
E) afferent nervous system

Question 5

What functional class of neurons accounts for 99 percent of the neurons in the body processing sensory information and carrying out complex functions?

Accepted Answer

A) efferent 
B) afferent 
C) interneurons 
D) visceral 
E) bipolar 
A) efferent 
B) afferent 
C) interneurons 
D) visceral 
E) bipolar

Question 6

What type of ion channels is located along the axon?

Accepted Answer

A) voltage- gated channels 
B) ligand- gated channels 
C) mechanical channels 
D) propagation channels 
E) initiation channels 
A) voltage- gated channels 
B) ligand- gated channels 
C) mechanical channels 
D) propagation channels 
E) initiation channels

Question 7

Effector organs act as receptors that detect information about the external environment and transmit that information to the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the level of membrane depolarization required to induce the sodium channel's positive feedback loop called?

Accepted Answer

A) suprathreshold 
B) axon hillock 
C) threshold 
D) axon terminal 
E) subthreshold 
A) suprathreshold 
B) axon hillock 
C) threshold 
D) axon terminal 
E) subthreshold

Question 9

Several ions are responsible for the resting membrane potential. Describe the forces that determine resting membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

The first determinant of the resting mem

Question 10

Which of the following axons would have the fastest conduction velocity?

Accepted Answer

A) diameter = 5 microns, myelinated 
B) diameter = 1 micron, myelinated 
C) diameter = 5 microns, unmyelinated 
D) diameter = 20 microns, myelinated 
E) diameter = 20 microns, unmyelinated 
A) diameter = 5 microns, myelinated 
B) diameter = 1 micron, myelinated 
C) diameter = 5 microns, unmyelinated 
D) diameter = 20 microns, myelinated 
E) diameter = 20 microns, unmyelinated

Question 11

Which of the following potentials can sum?

Accepted Answer

A) graded potentials 
B) threshold potentials 
C) action potentials 
D) both graded potentials and action potentials 
E) neither graded potentials nor action potentials 
A) graded potentials 
B) threshold potentials 
C) action potentials 
D) both graded potentials and action potentials 
E) neither graded potentials nor action potentials

Question 12

Diabetic neuropathy can affect nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following potentials has an all- or- none response?

Accepted Answer

A) graded potentials 
B) threshold potentials 
C) action potentials 
D) both graded potentials and action potentials 
E) neither graded potentials nor action potentials 
A) graded potentials 
B) threshold potentials 
C) action potentials 
D) both graded potentials and action potentials 
E) neither graded potentials nor action potentials

Question 14

What portion of the efferent branch of the nervous system communicates to glands and cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) autonomic nervous system 
B) somatic nervous system 
C) enteric nervous system 
D) afferent nervous system 
E) central nervous system 
A) autonomic nervous system 
B) somatic nervous system 
C) enteric nervous system 
D) afferent nervous system 
E) central nervous system

Question 15

At the resting membrane potential, a cell is at equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the only glial cell found outside of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) oligodendrocytes 
B) Schwann cell 
C) microglia 
D) astrocytes 
E) ependymal cells 
A) oligodendrocytes 
B) Schwann cell 
C) microglia 
D) astrocytes 
E) ependymal cells

Question 17

The movement of synaptic vesicles to the end of the axon terminal involves what type of transport?

Accepted Answer

A) retrograde 
B) pinocytosis 
C) anterograde 
D) receptor- mediated 
E) passive 
A) retrograde 
B) pinocytosis 
C) anterograde 
D) receptor- mediated 
E) passive

Question 18

How can action potentials relay information about the intensity of a stimulus, such as distinguishing between a loud and soft sound?

Accepted Answer

A) due to the decremental properties of graded potentials 
B) due to electrotonic conduction 
C) due to the magnitude of action potentials 
D) due to the frequency of action potentials 
E) due to summation of several action potentials 
A) due to the decremental properties of graded potentials 
B) due to electrotonic conduction 
C) due to the magnitude of action potentials 
D) due to the frequency of action potentials 
E) due to summation of several action potentials

Question 19

What two divisions of the autonomic nervous system have opposite effects on the organs they innervate?

Accepted Answer

A) parasympathetic and sympathetic 
B) somatic and motor 
C) peripheral and central 
D) afferent and efferent 
E) somatic and enteric 
A) parasympathetic and sympathetic 
B) somatic and motor 
C) peripheral and central 
D) afferent and efferent 
E) somatic and enteric

Question 20

In temporal summation, stimuli from different sources are applied at the same time such that they overlap and sum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

What nervous system is found in the intestinal tract?

Once an action potential is generated, there is a delay before another action potential can be generated. Name and describe the basis for the two refractory periods.

Tingling can be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.

The brain and spinal cord are part of which of the following branches of the nervous system?

What functional class of neurons accounts for 99 percent of the neurons in the body processing sensory information and carrying out complex functions?

What type of ion channels is located along the axon?

Effector organs act as receptors that detect information about the external environment and transmit that information to the central nervous system.

What is the level of membrane depolarization required to induce the sodium channel's positive feedback loop called?

Several ions are responsible for the resting membrane potential. Describe the forces that determine resting membrane potential.

Which of the following axons would have the fastest conduction velocity?

Which of the following potentials can sum?

Diabetic neuropathy can affect nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

Which of the following potentials has an all- or- none response?

What portion of the efferent branch of the nervous system communicates to glands and cardiac muscle?

At the resting membrane potential, a cell is at equilibrium.

What is the only glial cell found outside of the central nervous system?

The movement of synaptic vesicles to the end of the axon terminal involves what type of transport?

How can action potentials relay information about the intensity of a stimulus, such as distinguishing between a loud and soft sound?

What two divisions of the autonomic nervous system have opposite effects on the organs they innervate?

In temporal summation, stimuli from different sources are applied at the same time such that they overlap and sum.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters