Question 1

The responses triggered by the binding of acetylcholine can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the target cell in question.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel in what nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) pelvic nerves only 
B) spinal nerves only 
C) cranial nerves only 
D) cranial and spinal nerves 
E) cranial and pelvic nerves 
A) pelvic nerves only 
B) spinal nerves only 
C) cranial nerves only 
D) cranial and spinal nerves 
E) cranial and pelvic nerves E

Question 3

Adrenergic receptors with the greatest affinity for epinephrine are receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 2 
B) beta 1 
C) beta 3 
D) beta 2 
E) alpha 1 
A) alpha 2 
B) beta 1 
C) beta 3 
D) beta 2 
E) alpha 1 D

Question 4

What is the neurotransmitter released from motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) acetylcholine 
C) GABA 
D) epinephrine 
E) norepinephrine 
A) dopamine 
B) acetylcholine 
C) GABA 
D) epinephrine 
E) norepinephrine

Question 5

Sympathetic ganglia that are linked together and run in parallel on either side of the spinal column are called

Accepted Answer

A) collateral ganglia. 
B) gray ramus. 
C) sympathetic chains or trunks. 
D) lateral horns. 
E) white ramus. 
A) collateral ganglia. 
B) gray ramus. 
C) sympathetic chains or trunks. 
D) lateral horns. 
E) white ramus.

Question 6

People who have done a lot of endurance training can have a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute compared to the normal resting heart rate of 70- 80 beats per minute. This decreased heart rate in trained individuals is the partly result of

Accepted Answer

A) endorphins released from the brain which have an inhibitory effect on heart rate. 
B) parasympathetic activity becoming more active and sympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
C) sympathetic activity becoming more active and parasympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
D) decreases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
E) increases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
A) endorphins released from the brain which have an inhibitory effect on heart rate. 
B) parasympathetic activity becoming more active and sympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
C) sympathetic activity becoming more active and parasympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
D) decreases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
E) increases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

Question 7

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord via the _ root, and then join the spinal nerve. They leave the spinal nerve and enter the ganglion via the _ ramus. Most of the postganglionic fibers return to the spinal nerve via the _ ramus.

Accepted Answer

A) ventral : gray : white 
B) dorsal : white : gray 
C) dorsal : gray : white 
D) ventral : white : gray 
E) dorsal : gray: gray 
A) ventral : gray : white 
B) dorsal : white : gray 
C) dorsal : gray : white 
D) ventral : white : gray 
E) dorsal : gray: gray

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the general arrangement of the efferent limb of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) one neuron 
B) two neurons in parallel 
C) two neurons in series 
D) three neurons in series 
E) three neurons in parallel 
A) one neuron 
B) two neurons in parallel 
C) two neurons in series 
D) three neurons in series 
E) three neurons in parallel

Question 9

Which statement best describes the results of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A) Communication at the neuromuscular junction is blocked by preventing acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 
B) There is a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine released from the synaptic terminal. 
C) A decrease in the number of functional receptors on the muscle cell surface impairs its ability to respond to acetylcholine. 
D) There is degradation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
E) There is blocking of sodium channels in the axon of the presynaptic axon. 
A) Communication at the neuromuscular junction is blocked by preventing acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 
B) There is a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine released from the synaptic terminal. 
C) A decrease in the number of functional receptors on the muscle cell surface impairs its ability to respond to acetylcholine. 
D) There is degradation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
E) There is blocking of sodium channels in the axon of the presynaptic axon.

Question 10

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A) sacral region only 
B) thoracic region only 
C) lumbar and sacral regions 
D) thoracic and lumbar regions 
E) lumbar region only 
A) sacral region only 
B) thoracic region only 
C) lumbar and sacral regions 
D) thoracic and lumbar regions 
E) lumbar region only

Question 11

In what class of autonomic neuron and within what organelle is the enzyme monoamine oxidase located?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth ER of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
B) mitochondria of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
C) lysosomes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons 
D) synaptic vesicles of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
E) Golgi apparatus of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
A) smooth ER of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
B) mitochondria of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
C) lysosomes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons 
D) synaptic vesicles of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
E) Golgi apparatus of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 12

Preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic neurons are anatomically arranged in what three patterns?

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic, parasympathetic, and involuntary nervous systems 
B) sympathetic chains, those that innervate the adrenal medulla, and collateral ganglia 
C) nicotinic ganglia, adrenergic ganglia, and cholinergic ganglia 
D) alpha, gamma, and beta cells 
E) visceral, systemic, and cardiovascular 
A) sympathetic, parasympathetic, and involuntary nervous systems 
B) sympathetic chains, those that innervate the adrenal medulla, and collateral ganglia 
C) nicotinic ganglia, adrenergic ganglia, and cholinergic ganglia 
D) alpha, gamma, and beta cells 
E) visceral, systemic, and cardiovascular

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE of communication across the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A) Synaptic communication to the muscle cell can be excitatory or inhibitory. 
B) The end- plate potential is always of sufficient magnitude to depolarize the muscle cell to threshold to initiate an action potential. 
C) Acetylcholine released from a motor neuron binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors. 
D) Acetylcholinesterase located in mitochondria of the motor neuron degrades acetylcholine to acetate and choline. 
E) Acetylcholinesterase located in the cytosol of the motor neuron degrades acetylcholine to acetate and choline. 
A) Synaptic communication to the muscle cell can be excitatory or inhibitory. 
B) The end- plate potential is always of sufficient magnitude to depolarize the muscle cell to threshold to initiate an action potential. 
C) Acetylcholine released from a motor neuron binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors. 
D) Acetylcholinesterase located in mitochondria of the motor neuron degrades acetylcholine to acetate and choline. 
E) Acetylcholinesterase located in the cytosol of the motor neuron degrades acetylcholine to acetate and choline.

Question 14

Propranolol is a non- selective fi adrenergic receptor antagonist. It would be appropriate for a doctor to prescribe propranolol to treat

Accepted Answer

A) low blood pressure. 
B) peptic ulcers. 
C) myasthenia gravis. 
D) hypertension. 
E) asthma. 
A) low blood pressure. 
B) peptic ulcers. 
C) myasthenia gravis. 
D) hypertension. 
E) asthma.

Question 15

Neurons that release norepinephrine are referred to as adrenergic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Binding of acetylcholine to receptors will activate a G protein.

Accepted Answer

A) adrenergic 
B) nicotinic 
C) muscarinic 
D) somatostatic 
E) cholinergic 
A) adrenergic 
B) nicotinic 
C) muscarinic 
D) somatostatic 
E) cholinergic

Question 17

The most abundant neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system is acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The somatic nervous system regulates the activity of

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle. 
B) many organs. 
C) the cardiovascular system. 
D) endocrine organs. 
E) the kidneys. 
A) skeletal muscle. 
B) many organs. 
C) the cardiovascular system. 
D) endocrine organs. 
E) the kidneys.

Question 19

Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors always excites the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Test anxiety involves worry and dread about test performance and often interferes with normal learning and lowers test performance. 20- 30% of American students have experienced test anxiety. Some causes of test anxiety include fear of failure, waiting until the last minute to study, and/or those who have had trouble taking tests in the past. List at least five symptoms of test anxiety. Explain what autonomic division are the cause of the symptoms and its effect on target organs. Finally, what drug might be prescribed to alleviate the symptoms of text anxiety and explain its mode of action?

Accepted Answer

During states of excitement or stress yo

Exam 11: The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

The responses triggered by the binding of acetylcholine can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the target cell in question.

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel in what nerves?

Adrenergic receptors with the greatest affinity for epinephrine are receptors.

What is the neurotransmitter released from motor neurons?

Sympathetic ganglia that are linked together and run in parallel on either side of the spinal column are called

People who have done a lot of endurance training can have a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute compared to the normal resting heart rate of 70- 80 beats per minute. This decreased heart rate in trained individuals is the partly result of

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord via the _ root, and then join the spinal nerve. They leave the spinal nerve and enter the ganglion via the _ ramus. Most of the postganglionic fibers return to the spinal nerve via the _ ramus.

Which of the following best describes the general arrangement of the efferent limb of the autonomic nervous system?

Which statement best describes the results of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis?

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the spinal cord?

In what class of autonomic neuron and within what organelle is the enzyme monoamine oxidase located?

Preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic neurons are anatomically arranged in what three patterns?

Which of the following statements is TRUE of communication across the neuromuscular junction?

Propranolol is a non- selective fi adrenergic receptor antagonist. It would be appropriate for a doctor to prescribe propranolol to treat

Neurons that release norepinephrine are referred to as adrenergic.

Binding of acetylcholine to receptors will activate a G protein.

The most abundant neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system is acetylcholine.

The somatic nervous system regulates the activity of

Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors always excites the postsynaptic cell.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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