Question 1

In diabetes mellitus, polydipsia is triggered by what hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) angiotensin I 
B) glucagon 
C) leptin 
D) angiotensin II 
E) relaxin 
A) angiotensin I 
B) glucagon 
C) leptin 
D) angiotensin II 
E) relaxin D

Question 2

Under hyperglycemic conditions, what causes mesangial cells to secrete excess extracellular matrix in kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) HbA1c 
B) PGE2 
C) protein kinase C 
D) angiotensin II 
E) renin 
A) HbA1c 
B) PGE2 
C) protein kinase C 
D) angiotensin II 
E) renin C

Question 3

Blood levels of what form of lipoproteins are decreased by diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) HDLs 
B) Apo A 
C) VLDLs 
D) chylomicra 
E) LDLs 
A) HDLs 
B) Apo A 
C) VLDLs 
D) chylomicra 
E) LDLs A

Question 4

People with diabetes are more prone to develop atherosclerosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Diabetic neuropathies generally affect what area of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) glial cells 
B) sensory receptors 
C) spinal cord 
D) peripheral nervous system 
E) brain 
A) glial cells 
B) sensory receptors 
C) spinal cord 
D) peripheral nervous system 
E) brain

Question 7

How do alpha- glucosidase inhibitors decrease blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating glycogenesis in the liver 
B) inhibiting digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine 
C) stimulating insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas 
D) inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver 
E) inhibiting glycogenesis in the liver 
A) stimulating glycogenesis in the liver 
B) inhibiting digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine 
C) stimulating insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas 
D) inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver 
E) inhibiting glycogenesis in the liver

Question 8

What are the first cells in the wound area, which contribute to inflammation while fighting the infection through phagocytosis and secreting cytokines?

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils 
B) keratinocytes 
C) endothelial cells 
D) macrophages 
E) fibroblasts 
A) neutrophils 
B) keratinocytes 
C) endothelial cells 
D) macrophages 
E) fibroblasts

Question 9

Which type of DM may result in polyuria?

Accepted Answer

A) type 2 DM 
B) type 1 DM 
C) both type 1 DM and type 2 DM 
D) neither type 1 nor type 2 DM 
A) type 2 DM 
B) type 1 DM 
C) both type 1 DM and type 2 DM 
D) neither type 1 nor type 2 DM

Question 10

What is dysesthesia?

Accepted Answer

A) tingling sensation 
B) muscle twitches 
C) numbness 
D) unpleasant sensation produced by innocuous stimuli 
E) muscle spasms 
A) tingling sensation 
B) muscle twitches 
C) numbness 
D) unpleasant sensation produced by innocuous stimuli 
E) muscle spasms

Question 11

Diabetes mellitus type 2 promotes obesity and obesity promotes diabetes mellitus type 2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is angiogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) developments of perforations in the basement membrane of fenestrated capillaries 
B) large leakage of blood from the large blood vessels 
C) small leakage of blood from the microvasculature 
D) development of new blood vessels 
E) weak bulges in the walls of small blood vessels 
A) developments of perforations in the basement membrane of fenestrated capillaries 
B) large leakage of blood from the large blood vessels 
C) small leakage of blood from the microvasculature 
D) development of new blood vessels 
E) weak bulges in the walls of small blood vessels

Question 13

What medicine for the treatment of diabetes sensitizes tissue to insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) sulfonylureas 
B) biguanides 
C) glucagon 
D) alpha- glucosidase inhibitors 
E) thiazolidinediones 
A) sulfonylureas 
B) biguanides 
C) glucagon 
D) alpha- glucosidase inhibitors 
E) thiazolidinediones

Question 14

Hyperglycemia can ultimately lead to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which is NOT one of the "three polys" of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) polyphagia 
B) polydipsia 
C) polyol 
D) polyuria 
A) polyphagia 
B) polydipsia 
C) polyol 
D) polyuria

Question 16

What happens when excessive angiogenesis occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) The heart rate increases significantly. 
B) The new blood vessel walls are stiff and tend to clog. 
C) The new blood vessel walls are weak and tend to leak. 
D) The heart can no longer beat strongly. 
E) Hypotension occurs due to decreased total peripheral resistance. 
A) The heart rate increases significantly. 
B) The new blood vessel walls are stiff and tend to clog. 
C) The new blood vessel walls are weak and tend to leak. 
D) The heart can no longer beat strongly. 
E) Hypotension occurs due to decreased total peripheral resistance.

Question 17

What two cytokines, released by platelets during hemostasis, promote inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) transforming growth factor fi and platelet- derived growth factor 
B) thrombin and leukotriene 
C) prostaglandin I2 and platelet factor 3 
D) interleukin 2 and platelet- derived growth factor 
E) interleukin 1 and thrombin 
A) transforming growth factor fi and platelet- derived growth factor 
B) thrombin and leukotriene 
C) prostaglandin I2 and platelet factor 3 
D) interleukin 2 and platelet- derived growth factor 
E) interleukin 1 and thrombin

Question 18

In diabetes mellitus type 2, the beta cells of the pancreas undergo apoptosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the primary medicine for regulating diabetes mellitus type 1?

Accepted Answer

A) biguanides 
B) exogenous insulin 
C) sulfonylureas 
D) glucagon inhibitors 
E) glucagon 
A) biguanides 
B) exogenous insulin 
C) sulfonylureas 
D) glucagon inhibitors 
E) glucagon

Question 20

During the proliferative phase of diabetic retinopathy, new blood vessels are being synthesized but they are weak and tend to leak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Diabetes Mellitus

In diabetes mellitus, polydipsia is triggered by what hormone?

Under hyperglycemic conditions, what causes mesangial cells to secrete excess extracellular matrix in kidneys?

Blood levels of what form of lipoproteins are decreased by diabetes mellitus?

People with diabetes are more prone to develop atherosclerosis.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults.

Diabetic neuropathies generally affect what area of the nervous system?

How do alpha- glucosidase inhibitors decrease blood glucose levels?

What are the first cells in the wound area, which contribute to inflammation while fighting the infection through phagocytosis and secreting cytokines?

Which type of DM may result in polyuria?

What is dysesthesia?

Diabetes mellitus type 2 promotes obesity and obesity promotes diabetes mellitus type 2.

What is angiogenesis?

What medicine for the treatment of diabetes sensitizes tissue to insulin?

Hyperglycemia can ultimately lead to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of epinephrine.

Which is NOT one of the "three polys" of diabetes mellitus?

What happens when excessive angiogenesis occurs?

What two cytokines, released by platelets during hemostasis, promote inflammation?

In diabetes mellitus type 2, the beta cells of the pancreas undergo apoptosis.

What is the primary medicine for regulating diabetes mellitus type 1?

During the proliferative phase of diabetic retinopathy, new blood vessels are being synthesized but they are weak and tend to leak.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

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