Question 1

are molecules whose general structure includes a central carbon with a carboxyl group, an amine group, a hydrogen molecule, and a residual (R)group.

Accepted Answer

A) Amino acids 
B) Proteins 
C) Lipids 
D) Carbohydrates 
E) Nucleotides 
A) Amino acids 
B) Proteins 
C) Lipids 
D) Carbohydrates 
E) Nucleotides A

Question 2

is a polysaccharide found in animal cells, whereas _ is a polysaccharide found in plants that can be degraded by humans.

Accepted Answer

A) Lactose : starch 
B) Galactose : cellulose 
C) Glycogen : starch 
D) Glycogen : cellulose 
E) Galactose : starch 
A) Lactose : starch 
B) Galactose : cellulose 
C) Glycogen : starch 
D) Glycogen : cellulose 
E) Galactose : starch C

Question 3

What level of structure is caused when the hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyl oxygen of another amino acid is formed?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary B

Question 4

What is the innermost chamber of a mitochondrion called?

Accepted Answer

A) matrix 
B) nuclear envelope 
C) nuclear pore 
D) nucleolus 
E) plasma membrane 
A) matrix 
B) nuclear envelope 
C) nuclear pore 
D) nucleolus 
E) plasma membrane

Question 5

Anabolism describes the breakdown of large molecules to smaller molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The amphipathic property of phospholipids can be described as a

Accepted Answer

A) single polar region that is miscible in aqueous solution. 
B) single nonpolar region that is not miscible in aqueous solution. 
C) nonpolar region that dissolves in water and a polar region that face one another. 
D) nonpolar region facing the outside and a polar region facing the inside of a cell. 
E) polar region that dissolves in water and a nonpolar region that repels water. 
A) single polar region that is miscible in aqueous solution. 
B) single nonpolar region that is not miscible in aqueous solution. 
C) nonpolar region that dissolves in water and a polar region that face one another. 
D) nonpolar region facing the outside and a polar region facing the inside of a cell. 
E) polar region that dissolves in water and a nonpolar region that repels water.

Question 7

Which of the following is an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) integral membrane protein 
B) glucose 
C) triglyceride 
D) glycogen 
E) peripheral membrane protein 
A) integral membrane protein 
B) glucose 
C) triglyceride 
D) glycogen 
E) peripheral membrane protein

Question 8

Which cellular protein is found in tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

A) tubulin 
B) cadherins 
C) dynein 
D) occludins 
E) connexons 
A) tubulin 
B) cadherins 
C) dynein 
D) occludins 
E) connexons

Question 9

What is the base sequence of the tRNA molecule that recognizes the complementary mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) nonsense 
B) initiator codon 
C) codon 
D) anticodon 
E) sense 
A) nonsense 
B) initiator codon 
C) codon 
D) anticodon 
E) sense

Question 10

What is the correct level of structure for proteins containing more than one polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary

Question 11

The CAP region of mRNA is necessary for of translation.

Accepted Answer

A) initiation 
B) transcription 
C) propagation 
D) accuracy 
E) termination 
A) initiation 
B) transcription 
C) propagation 
D) accuracy 
E) termination

Question 12

The structure of a protein is formed between residual (R)groups of the amino acid backbone by a number of different chemical interactions, dependent upon the nature of the residual groups interacting.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary

Question 13

In some cases, signals originating within one cell can diffuse directly to a neighboring cell through

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions. 
B) occludins. 
C) desmosomes. 
D) cadherins. 
E) gap junctions. 
A) tight junctions. 
B) occludins. 
C) desmosomes. 
D) cadherins. 
E) gap junctions.

Question 14

What organelle synthesizes most of the ATP used by cells?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) lysosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) ribosomes 
A) mitochondria 
B) lysosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) ribosomes

Question 15

Which cellular protein is found in desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) cadherins 
B) occludins 
C) tubulin 
D) dynein 
E) connexons 
A) cadherins 
B) occludins 
C) tubulin 
D) dynein 
E) connexons

Question 16

Lipids synthesis is performed where?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisomes 
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisomes

Question 17

Based upon the triplet nature of a codon and the presence of four possible bases, how many possible amino acids might be coded for by mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 16 
B) 8 
C) 64 
D) 32 
E) 128 
A) 16 
B) 8 
C) 64 
D) 32 
E) 128

Question 18

Proteins tagged with the polypeptide _ are targeted for degradation by a protein complex called a proteasome.

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosin 
B) amyloid 
C) cachectin 
D) ubiquitin 
E) degratin 
A) apoptosin 
B) amyloid 
C) cachectin 
D) ubiquitin 
E) degratin

Question 19

What junctions are found in epithelial tissue where they prevent paracellular movement of molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) basal lamina 
B) desmosomes 
C) tight junctions 
D) hemidesmosomes 
E) gap junctions 
A) basal lamina 
B) desmosomes 
C) tight junctions 
D) hemidesmosomes 
E) gap junctions

Question 20

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A) deoxyribonucleic acid, base pairs, phosphate/sugar backbone 
B) pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphorus 
C) ribonucleic acid, base pairs, phosphate backbone 
D) 5- carbon carbohydrate, phosphate, nitrogenous base 
E) pentose sugar, 5- carbon carbohydrate, phosphate 
A) deoxyribonucleic acid, base pairs, phosphate/sugar backbone 
B) pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphorus 
C) ribonucleic acid, base pairs, phosphate backbone 
D) 5- carbon carbohydrate, phosphate, nitrogenous base 
E) pentose sugar, 5- carbon carbohydrate, phosphate

Exam 2: The Cell: Structure and Function

are molecules whose general structure includes a central carbon with a carboxyl group, an amine group, a hydrogen molecule, and a residual (R)group.

is a polysaccharide found in animal cells, whereas _ is a polysaccharide found in plants that can be degraded by humans.

What level of structure is caused when the hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyl oxygen of another amino acid is formed?

What is the innermost chamber of a mitochondrion called?

Anabolism describes the breakdown of large molecules to smaller molecules.

The amphipathic property of phospholipids can be described as a

Which of the following is an amphipathic molecule?

Which cellular protein is found in tight junctions?

What is the base sequence of the tRNA molecule that recognizes the complementary mRNA molecule?

What is the correct level of structure for proteins containing more than one polypeptide chain?

The CAP region of mRNA is necessary for of translation.

The structure of a protein is formed between residual (R)groups of the amino acid backbone by a number of different chemical interactions, dependent upon the nature of the residual groups interacting.

In some cases, signals originating within one cell can diffuse directly to a neighboring cell through

What organelle synthesizes most of the ATP used by cells?

Which cellular protein is found in desmosomes?

Lipids synthesis is performed where?

Based upon the triplet nature of a codon and the presence of four possible bases, how many possible amino acids might be coded for by mRNA?

Proteins tagged with the polypeptide _ are targeted for degradation by a protein complex called a proteasome.

What junctions are found in epithelial tissue where they prevent paracellular movement of molecules?

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Introduction to Physiology

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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