Question 1

Which of the antibody classes is able to destroy an antigen by activating the nonspecific killing action of the natural killer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM only 
B) IgE only 
C) IgG only 
D) both IgG and IgM 
E) both IgM and IgE 
A) IgM only 
B) IgE only 
C) IgG only 
D) both IgG and IgM 
E) both IgM and IgE C

Question 2

In order to mount a response, particular B or T cells must express the appropriate _ that will bind to the _ .

Accepted Answer

A) antigen : antigen receptor 
B) epitope : antigen 
C) antigenic determinant : antigen 
D) antigen receptor : antigen 
E) antigen : antibody 
A) antigen : antigen receptor 
B) epitope : antigen 
C) antigenic determinant : antigen 
D) antigen receptor : antigen 
E) antigen : antibody D

Question 3

What cell type develops into plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages 
B) T cells 
C) B cells 
D) mast cells 
E) helper T cells 
A) macrophages 
B) T cells 
C) B cells 
D) mast cells 
E) helper T cells C

Question 4

The primary mechanism whereby cytotoxic T cells are able to destroy infected cells involves

Accepted Answer

A) incorporation of the major attack complex. 
B) activation of the complement system. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) enzymatic degradation. 
E) the incorporation of perforins into the cell membrane. 
A) incorporation of the major attack complex. 
B) activation of the complement system. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) enzymatic degradation. 
E) the incorporation of perforins into the cell membrane.

Question 5

A number of tumors and viruses (e.g., Epstein- Barr)are able to escape cytotoxic T cell degradation by inhibiting what?

Accepted Answer

A) helper T cell activation 
B) the activation of the complement system 
C) tumor antigen expression 
D) the production of the class I MHC molecule 
E) the production of the class II major histocompatibility (MH
C) molecule 
A) helper T cell activation 
B) the activation of the complement system 
C) tumor antigen expression 
D) the production of the class I MHC molecule 
E) the production of the class II major histocompatibility (MH
C) molecule

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the four classic symptoms of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) heat 
B) pain 
C) rash 
D) swelling 
E) redness 
A) heat 
B) pain 
C) rash 
D) swelling 
E) redness

Question 7

Helper T lymphocytes are the primary regulators of the specific immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During allergic reactions, what class of antibody causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgD 
E) IgA 
A) IgM 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgD 
E) IgA

Question 9

What type of cell is important in fighting the early stages of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma cells 
B) mast cells 
C) effector cells 
D) dendritic cells 
E) natural killer cells (NK cells) 
A) plasma cells 
B) mast cells 
C) effector cells 
D) dendritic cells 
E) natural killer cells (NK cells)

Question 10

Vaccines are composed of _ that stimulate an active immunity to the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) memory T cells that respond to a microorganism 
B) antibodies to a microorganism 
C) the pathogenic portion of the microorganism 
D) the non- pathogenic portion of the microorganism 
E) memory B cells that respond to a microorganism 
A) memory T cells that respond to a microorganism 
B) antibodies to a microorganism 
C) the pathogenic portion of the microorganism 
D) the non- pathogenic portion of the microorganism 
E) memory B cells that respond to a microorganism

Question 11

The process of clonal selection gives rise to short- lived clones called , which combat the antigen that stimulated their production.

Accepted Answer

A) memory cells 
B) antigens 
C) helper cells 
D) effector cells 
E) antibodies 
A) memory cells 
B) antigens 
C) helper cells 
D) effector cells 
E) antibodies

Question 12

Compared to humoral immunity, cell- mediated immunity is more likely to defend against which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) virally infected cells only 
B) transplanted tissue only 
C) cancer cells only 
D) both virally- infected cells and cancer cells 
E) virally- infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue 
A) virally infected cells only 
B) transplanted tissue only 
C) cancer cells only 
D) both virally- infected cells and cancer cells 
E) virally- infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue

Question 13

What causes the increase in interstitial osmotic pressure that occurs during edema?

Accepted Answer

A) recruitment of leukocytes 
B) increased blood flow 
C) leukocyte migration 
D) increased capillary permeability 
E) stimulation of sensory neurons 
A) recruitment of leukocytes 
B) increased blood flow 
C) leukocyte migration 
D) increased capillary permeability 
E) stimulation of sensory neurons

Question 14

What cell type secretes interleukin- 2 to facilitate B cell proliferation into memory B cells in addition to effector cells?

Accepted Answer

A) natural killer cells 
B) mast cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) macrophages 
E) helper T cells 
A) natural killer cells 
B) mast cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) macrophages 
E) helper T cells

Question 15

The first line of defense against pathogens and foreign material is not directed toward any particular pathogen. Describe the general properties of the body's internal nonspecific defenses.

Accepted Answer

Nonspecific defenses are directed agains

Question 16

Sebaceous and sweat glands can act as a first line of defense because their secretions are acidic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The most acute allergic response is anaphylactic shock, which can be deadly due to the histamine- induced

Accepted Answer

A) decrease in peripheral resistance that decreases mean arterial pressure. 
B) decrease in peripheral resistance that increases cardiac output. 
C) increase in capillary permeability. 
D) local decrease in resistance with little effect on mean arterial pressure. 
E) increase in peripheral resistance that decreases cardiac output. 
A) decrease in peripheral resistance that decreases mean arterial pressure. 
B) decrease in peripheral resistance that increases cardiac output. 
C) increase in capillary permeability. 
D) local decrease in resistance with little effect on mean arterial pressure. 
E) increase in peripheral resistance that decreases cardiac output.

Question 18

What step of inflammation is caused by histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Capillaries dilate and become more permeable. 
B) Infection is cleared by phagocytosis. 
C) Additional leukocytes are recruited to the region. 
D) Macrophages engulf debris and foreign matter. 
E) Foreign matter is contained. 
A) Capillaries dilate and become more permeable. 
B) Infection is cleared by phagocytosis. 
C) Additional leukocytes are recruited to the region. 
D) Macrophages engulf debris and foreign matter. 
E) Foreign matter is contained.

Question 19

Class II MHC molecules are found on macrophages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Inflammation is an example of a defense.

Accepted Answer

A) active 
B) passive 
C) internalization 
D) nonspecific 
E) specific 
A) active 
B) passive 
C) internalization 
D) nonspecific 
E) specific

Exam 23: The Immune System

Which of the antibody classes is able to destroy an antigen by activating the nonspecific killing action of the natural killer cells?

In order to mount a response, particular B or T cells must express the appropriate _ that will bind to the _ .

What cell type develops into plasma cells?

The primary mechanism whereby cytotoxic T cells are able to destroy infected cells involves

A number of tumors and viruses (e.g., Epstein- Barr)are able to escape cytotoxic T cell degradation by inhibiting what?

Which of the following is NOT one of the four classic symptoms of inflammation?

Helper T lymphocytes are the primary regulators of the specific immune response.

During allergic reactions, what class of antibody causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine?

What type of cell is important in fighting the early stages of viral infections?

Vaccines are composed of _ that stimulate an active immunity to the pathogen.

The process of clonal selection gives rise to short- lived clones called , which combat the antigen that stimulated their production.

Compared to humoral immunity, cell- mediated immunity is more likely to defend against which of the following?

What causes the increase in interstitial osmotic pressure that occurs during edema?

What cell type secretes interleukin- 2 to facilitate B cell proliferation into memory B cells in addition to effector cells?

The first line of defense against pathogens and foreign material is not directed toward any particular pathogen. Describe the general properties of the body's internal nonspecific defenses.

Sebaceous and sweat glands can act as a first line of defense because their secretions are acidic.

The most acute allergic response is anaphylactic shock, which can be deadly due to the histamine- induced

What step of inflammation is caused by histamine released from mast cells?

Class II MHC molecules are found on macrophages.

Inflammation is an example of a defense.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

Diabetes Mellitus

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