Question 1

What organ has capillaries that are the most restrictive to movement of hydrophilic solutes?

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) bone marrow 
C) brain 
D) skeletal muscle 
E) kidneys 
A) liver 
B) bone marrow 
C) brain 
D) skeletal muscle 
E) kidneys C

Question 2

What is the driving force for blood flow through the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

A) left ventricular pressure 
B) central venous pressure 
C) mean arterial pressure 
D) capillary hydrostatic pressure 
E) right atrial pressure 
A) left ventricular pressure 
B) central venous pressure 
C) mean arterial pressure 
D) capillary hydrostatic pressure 
E) right atrial pressure C

Question 3

In comparison to the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit

Accepted Answer

A) transports deoxygenated blood. 
B) has an equal pressure gradient to drive blood flow. 
C) is under greater pressure. 
D) has lower resistance to blood flow. 
E) has lower blood flow. 
A) transports deoxygenated blood. 
B) has an equal pressure gradient to drive blood flow. 
C) is under greater pressure. 
D) has lower resistance to blood flow. 
E) has lower blood flow. D

Question 4

The baroreceptors are responsible for detecting and responding to changes in mean arterial pressure. Follow the short- term and long- term responses of the baroreceptor reflex to an acute and chronic increase in mean arterial pressure.

Accepted Answer

An acute increase in mean arterial press

Question 5

The chronic elevation in arterial pressure (hypertension)that occurs in many individuals results in

Accepted Answer

A) the baroreceptors becoming more sensitive to pressure. 
B) a decreased sensitivity of the baroreceptor that causes pressure to fluctuate. 
C) a gradual increase in pressure that resets the baroreceptors. 
D) the maintenance of a constant error signal by the baroreceptor. 
E) the resetting of the baroreceptor to a lower pressure. 
A) the baroreceptors becoming more sensitive to pressure. 
B) a decreased sensitivity of the baroreceptor that causes pressure to fluctuate. 
C) a gradual increase in pressure that resets the baroreceptors. 
D) the maintenance of a constant error signal by the baroreceptor. 
E) the resetting of the baroreceptor to a lower pressure.

Question 6

Valves, which are found , maintain the unidirectional movement of blood, thereby facilitating the return of blood to the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) in all veins 
B) only in central veins 
C) only in arteries 
D) in all venules 
E) only in peripheral veins 
A) in all veins 
B) only in central veins 
C) only in arteries 
D) in all venules 
E) only in peripheral veins

Question 7

Carbon dioxide has what effect on systemic arterioles?

Accepted Answer

A) neither vasodilation or vasoconstriction, but may cause vasospasm 
B) vasodilation 
C) vasoconstriction and vasospasm 
D) vasospasm 
E) vasoconstriction 
A) neither vasodilation or vasoconstriction, but may cause vasospasm 
B) vasodilation 
C) vasoconstriction and vasospasm 
D) vasospasm 
E) vasoconstriction

Question 8

What is/are the component(s)of a blood vessel's extracellular matrix that provide(s)the tensile strength required to withstand pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen 
B) albumin 
C) hemoglobin 
D) gap junctions 
E) elastin 
A) collagen 
B) albumin 
C) hemoglobin 
D) gap junctions 
E) elastin

Question 9

There is a progressive decrease in pressure throughout the vasculature as blood moves down its pressure gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is the equation relating flow to resistance and a pressure gradient?

Accepted Answer

A) flow × resistance = 1/pressure gradient 
B) flow/resistance = 1/pressure gradient 
C) flow × resistance = pressure × gradient 
D) flow = pressure gradient / resistance 
E) flow = pressure × resistance 
A) flow × resistance = 1/pressure gradient 
B) flow/resistance = 1/pressure gradient 
C) flow × resistance = pressure × gradient 
D) flow = pressure gradient / resistance 
E) flow = pressure × resistance

Question 11

Which of the following would decrease central venous pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) activity of skeletal muscles 
B) standing up 
C) increased respiratory activity 
D) increased sympathetic activity 
E) increased blood volume 
A) activity of skeletal muscles 
B) standing up 
C) increased respiratory activity 
D) increased sympathetic activity 
E) increased blood volume

Question 12

Smooth muscle in the veins is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following accurately describes sympathetic control of blood vessels in the skin during thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Heat causes an increase in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasoconstriction. 
B) Heat causes a decrease in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasodilation. 
C) Heat activates the parasympathetic activity and has no effect on the sympathetic nervous system. 
D) Heat causes an increase in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasodilation. 
E) Heat causes a decrease in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasoconstriction. 
A) Heat causes an increase in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasoconstriction. 
B) Heat causes a decrease in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasodilation. 
C) Heat activates the parasympathetic activity and has no effect on the sympathetic nervous system. 
D) Heat causes an increase in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasodilation. 
E) Heat causes a decrease in sympathetic activity, resulting in vasoconstriction.

Question 14

A constriction of an arteriole in response to stretch of the arteriole smooth muscle is called

Accepted Answer

A) active hyperemia. 
B) hypoxia. 
C) myogenic response. 
D) reactive hyperemia. 
E) ischemia. 
A) active hyperemia. 
B) hypoxia. 
C) myogenic response. 
D) reactive hyperemia. 
E) ischemia.

Question 15

The factor having the greatest influence on resistance to blood flow is the radius of the blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following can cause edema?

Accepted Answer

A) damage to capillary walls only 
B) increase in extravasated plasma proteins only 
C) decreased venous pressure only 
D) both an increase in plasma proteins and a decrease in venous pressure 
E) both damage to capillary walls and an increase in extravasated plasma proteins 
A) damage to capillary walls only 
B) increase in extravasated plasma proteins only 
C) decreased venous pressure only 
D) both an increase in plasma proteins and a decrease in venous pressure 
E) both damage to capillary walls and an increase in extravasated plasma proteins

Question 17

The baroreceptor reflex responds to an increase in mean arterial pressure by increasing sympathetic nervous activity, while reducing parasympathetic nervous activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The contractile activity of smooth muscle cells within which type of blood vessel is primarily involved in the control of the organ blood flow and mean arterial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) arterioles 
B) veins 
C) capillaries 
D) venules 
E) arteries 
A) arterioles 
B) veins 
C) capillaries 
D) venules 
E) arteries

Question 19

Which of the following is the equation relating cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

A) MAP + CO + TPR = pulse pressure 
B) CO = TPR/MAP 
C) TPR = CO/MAP 
D) MAP = CO - TPR 
E) MAP = CO × TPR 
A) MAP + CO + TPR = pulse pressure 
B) CO = TPR/MAP 
C) TPR = CO/MAP 
D) MAP = CO - TPR 
E) MAP = CO × TPR

Question 20

Smooth muscle is ONLY found in arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

What organ has capillaries that are the most restrictive to movement of hydrophilic solutes?

What is the driving force for blood flow through the systemic circuit?

In comparison to the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit

The baroreceptors are responsible for detecting and responding to changes in mean arterial pressure. Follow the short- term and long- term responses of the baroreceptor reflex to an acute and chronic increase in mean arterial pressure.

The chronic elevation in arterial pressure (hypertension)that occurs in many individuals results in

Valves, which are found , maintain the unidirectional movement of blood, thereby facilitating the return of blood to the heart.

Carbon dioxide has what effect on systemic arterioles?

What is/are the component(s)of a blood vessel's extracellular matrix that provide(s)the tensile strength required to withstand pressure?

There is a progressive decrease in pressure throughout the vasculature as blood moves down its pressure gradient.

What is the equation relating flow to resistance and a pressure gradient?

Which of the following would decrease central venous pressure?

Smooth muscle in the veins is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Which of the following accurately describes sympathetic control of blood vessels in the skin during thermoregulation?

A constriction of an arteriole in response to stretch of the arteriole smooth muscle is called

The factor having the greatest influence on resistance to blood flow is the radius of the blood vessels.

Which of the following can cause edema?

The baroreceptor reflex responds to an increase in mean arterial pressure by increasing sympathetic nervous activity, while reducing parasympathetic nervous activity.

The contractile activity of smooth muscle cells within which type of blood vessel is primarily involved in the control of the organ blood flow and mean arterial pressure?

Which of the following is the equation relating cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance?

Smooth muscle is ONLY found in arterioles.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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