Question 1

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholinesterase 
B) monoamine oxidase 
C) choline acetyl transferase 
D) catechol- O- methyltransferase 
E) adenylate cyclase 
A) acetylcholinesterase 
B) monoamine oxidase 
C) choline acetyl transferase 
D) catechol- O- methyltransferase 
E) adenylate cyclase E

Question 2

What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) potentiotropic 
B) ionotropic 
C) metabotropic 
D) chemotropic 
E) mechanotropic 
A) potentiotropic 
B) ionotropic 
C) metabotropic 
D) chemotropic 
E) mechanotropic B

Question 3

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) glycine 
B) substance P 
C) norepinephrine 
D) aspartate 
E) acetylcholine 
A) glycine 
B) substance P 
C) norepinephrine 
D) aspartate 
E) acetylcholine B

Question 4

An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to threshold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrical synapses connect hypothalamic neurons that release tropic hormones. 
B) Gap junctions are formed from proteins called connexins. 
C) Electrical synapses are usually for small- response, single neuron firing. 
D) Electrical synapses are found in the retina. 
E) Electrical synapses are found in the brainstem. 
A) Electrical synapses connect hypothalamic neurons that release tropic hormones. 
B) Gap junctions are formed from proteins called connexins. 
C) Electrical synapses are usually for small- response, single neuron firing. 
D) Electrical synapses are found in the retina. 
E) Electrical synapses are found in the brainstem.

Question 6

What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A) nociceptor 
B) autoreceptor 
C) short loop receptor 
D) reuptake receptor 
E) paracrine receptor 
A) nociceptor 
B) autoreceptor 
C) short loop receptor 
D) reuptake receptor 
E) paracrine receptor

Question 7

Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one- to- one, that is, one presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What happens to the resting membrane potential of - 70 mV when potassium channels open?

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) membrane stabilization 
C) hyperpolarization 
D) repolarization 
E) returns to - 70 mV 
A) depolarization 
B) membrane stabilization 
C) hyperpolarization 
D) repolarization 
E) returns to - 70 mV

Question 9

Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Most synapses in the nervous system are chemical synapses. 
B) Communication across electrical synapses is bi- directional. 
C) Communication at chemical synapses is slower than at electrical synapses. 
D) Electrical synapses can be gated. 
E) Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical synapse. 
A) Most synapses in the nervous system are chemical synapses. 
B) Communication across electrical synapses is bi- directional. 
C) Communication at chemical synapses is slower than at electrical synapses. 
D) Electrical synapses can be gated. 
E) Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical synapse.

Question 10

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi apparatus 
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) cytosol of the axon terminal 
D) synaptic vesicles 
E) axon hillock 
A) Golgi apparatus 
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) cytosol of the axon terminal 
D) synaptic vesicles 
E) axon hillock

Question 11

Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action potential generated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Voltage- gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock 
B) arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
C) neurotransmitter binding to receptor 
D) paracrines released from the post- synaptic cell 
E) summation of graded potentials at the axon hillock 
A) initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock 
B) arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
C) neurotransmitter binding to receptor 
D) paracrines released from the post- synaptic cell 
E) summation of graded potentials at the axon hillock

Question 13

For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via

Accepted Answer

A) the diffusion of neurotransmitters. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) ions moving across the synaptic cleft. 
D) active transport across the synaptic cleft. 
E) passive transport across the synaptic cleft. 
A) the diffusion of neurotransmitters. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) ions moving across the synaptic cleft. 
D) active transport across the synaptic cleft. 
E) passive transport across the synaptic cleft.

Question 14

Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A) axoaxonic, axodendritic, and axosomatic synapses 
B) axoaxonic and axodendritic synapses only 
C) axoaxonic and axosomatic synapses only 
D) pre- axon hillock synapses only 
E) axodendritic synapses only 
A) axoaxonic, axodendritic, and axosomatic synapses 
B) axoaxonic and axodendritic synapses only 
C) axoaxonic and axosomatic synapses only 
D) pre- axon hillock synapses only 
E) axodendritic synapses only

Question 15

Figure 8.1
-In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A) movement of sodium into the neuron and down the axon 
B) movement of calcium down the axon 
C) generator potential from the axon hillock 
D) migration of newly synthesized neurotransmitter from the soma 
E) action potential 
A) movement of sodium into the neuron and down the axon 
B) movement of calcium down the axon 
C) generator potential from the axon hillock 
D) migration of newly synthesized neurotransmitter from the soma 
E) action potential

Question 16

Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) glycine 
C) substance P 
D) norepinephrine 
E) aspartate 
A) acetylcholine 
B) glycine 
C) substance P 
D) norepinephrine 
E) aspartate

Question 17

Figure 8.1
-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Accepted Answer

A) a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel 
B) a voltage- gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+ 
C) endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter 
D) transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter 
E) an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft 
A) a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel 
B) a voltage- gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+ 
C) endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter 
D) transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter 
E) an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft

Question 18

The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft 
B) movement of calcium through gap junctions 
C) initiation of an action potential 
D) fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter 
E) termination of an action potential 
A) diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft 
B) movement of calcium through gap junctions 
C) initiation of an action potential 
D) fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter 
E) termination of an action potential

Question 19

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation?

Accepted Answer

A) The modulating neuron triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic cell. 
B) The modulating neuron decreases the effective communication between the cell it is modulating and its postsynaptic cell. 
C) The modulating neuron stabilizes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell. 
D) The modulating neuron causes an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell. 
E) The modulating neuron enhances neurotransmitter release to the postsynaptic cell. 
A) The modulating neuron triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic cell. 
B) The modulating neuron decreases the effective communication between the cell it is modulating and its postsynaptic cell. 
C) The modulating neuron stabilizes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell. 
D) The modulating neuron causes an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell. 
E) The modulating neuron enhances neurotransmitter release to the postsynaptic cell.

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine?

What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide?

An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to threshold.

Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?

What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?

Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one- to- one, that is, one presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

What happens to the resting membrane potential of - 70 mV when potassium channels open?

Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action potential generated.

Voltage- gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?

For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via

Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?

Figure 8.1 -In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system?

Figure 8.1 -Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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