Question 1

Which of the following conditions will result in a skeletal muscle that produces a greater amount of force?

Accepted Answer

A) more sarcomeres in series 
B) fewer myofibrils per muscle cell 
C) more sarcomeres in parallel 
D) fewer sarcomeres in series 
E) fewer sarcomeres in parallel 
A) more sarcomeres in series 
B) fewer myofibrils per muscle cell 
C) more sarcomeres in parallel 
D) fewer sarcomeres in series 
E) fewer sarcomeres in parallel C

Question 2

Calcium binds to calmodulin where?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth and cardiac muscle only 
B) skeletal muscle only 
C) skeletal and smooth muscle only 
D) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle 
E) smooth muscle only (single- unit or multi- unit) 
A) smooth and cardiac muscle only 
B) skeletal muscle only 
C) skeletal and smooth muscle only 
D) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle 
E) smooth muscle only (single- unit or multi- unit) E

Question 3

When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron,

Accepted Answer

A) only select muscle cells within the motor unit are stimulated to contract. 
B) the muscle cells from a neighboring motor unit will contract. 
C) every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contract. 
D) the muscle cells of the motor unit will occasionally contract. 
E) all of the muscle cells within the motor unit are stimulated to relax. 
A) only select muscle cells within the motor unit are stimulated to contract. 
B) the muscle cells from a neighboring motor unit will contract. 
C) every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contract. 
D) the muscle cells of the motor unit will occasionally contract. 
E) all of the muscle cells within the motor unit are stimulated to relax. C

Question 4

What type of receptor detects muscle length?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi tendon organ 
B) nociceptor 
C) DHP 
D) muscle spindle 
E) ryanodine 
A) Golgi tendon organ 
B) nociceptor 
C) DHP 
D) muscle spindle 
E) ryanodine

Question 5

Calcium for contraction comes entirely from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth and cardiac muscle only 
B) skeletal and smooth muscle only 
C) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle 
D) smooth muscle only (single- unit or multi- unit) 
E) skeletal muscle only 
A) smooth and cardiac muscle only 
B) skeletal and smooth muscle only 
C) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle 
D) smooth muscle only (single- unit or multi- unit) 
E) skeletal muscle only

Question 6

While contractile proteins are similar in skeletal and smooth muscle cells, the structure and regulation of muscle contraction is quite different. Describe the arrangement of contractile proteins in smooth muscle cells and how contraction is mediated.

Accepted Answer

Contractile proteins (actin and myosin)a

Question 7

The binding of calcium to troponin will directly allow which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the myosin- binding site on the actin molecule 
B) the binding of ATP to myosin 
C) the hydrolysis of ATP 
D) the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the actin- binding site on the myosin molecule 
E) the further release of calcium into the cytoplasm 
A) the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the myosin- binding site on the actin molecule 
B) the binding of ATP to myosin 
C) the hydrolysis of ATP 
D) the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the actin- binding site on the myosin molecule 
E) the further release of calcium into the cytoplasm

Question 8

What area of a sarcomere shows up as light striations when viewed under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

A) Z line 
B) M line 
C) H zone 
D) I band 
E) A band 
A) Z line 
B) M line 
C) H zone 
D) I band 
E) A band

Question 9

The proximity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to each sarcomere permits the nearly simultaneous delivery of calcium to all sarcomeres of the muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber has most of its energy come from substrate- level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A) fermentative 
B) glycolytic 
C) oxidative 
D) fast 
E) slow 
A) fermentative 
B) glycolytic 
C) oxidative 
D) fast 
E) slow

Question 11

There is no summation of cardiac muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following contains nicotinic cholinergic receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) sarcomeres 
B) motor end plate 
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum 
D) actin and myosin 
E) tendons 
A) sarcomeres 
B) motor end plate 
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum 
D) actin and myosin 
E) tendons

Question 13

What is the site where a muscle attaches to a stationary bone called?

Accepted Answer

A) abductor 
B) origin 
C) flexor 
D) insertion 
E) adductor 
A) abductor 
B) origin 
C) flexor 
D) insertion 
E) adductor

Question 14

What binds calcium in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A) myosin light- chain kinase 
B) titin 
C) calmodulin 
D) troponin 
E) tropomyosin 
A) myosin light- chain kinase 
B) titin 
C) calmodulin 
D) troponin 
E) tropomyosin

Question 15

What binds calcium in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A) calmodulin 
B) myosin light- chain kinase 
C) troponin 
D) titin 
E) tropomyosin 
A) calmodulin 
B) myosin light- chain kinase 
C) troponin 
D) titin 
E) tropomyosin

Question 16

The three proteins found to make up the thin filaments are actin, tropomyosin, and

Accepted Answer

A) troponin. 
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C) tropomyosin. 
D) actin. 
E) transverse tubule. 
A) troponin. 
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C) tropomyosin. 
D) actin. 
E) transverse tubule.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a specialization observed at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A) Each muscle fiber is innervated by multiple motor neurons. 
B) The terminal bouton fans out over a wide area of the sarcolemma. 
C) There is a high density of acetylcholine receptors in the motor end plate. 
D) Every action potential that reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron will generate an action potential in the healthy muscle fiber. 
E) The motor end plate is relatively large compared with other synapses. 
A) Each muscle fiber is innervated by multiple motor neurons. 
B) The terminal bouton fans out over a wide area of the sarcolemma. 
C) There is a high density of acetylcholine receptors in the motor end plate. 
D) Every action potential that reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron will generate an action potential in the healthy muscle fiber. 
E) The motor end plate is relatively large compared with other synapses.

Question 18

Smooth and cardiac muscle are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, whereas skeletal muscle is innervated by the somatic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What are the elastic fibers that anchor thick filaments in place?

Accepted Answer

A) titin 
B) myosin light- chain kinase 
C) calmodulin 
D) tropomyosin 
E) troponin 
A) titin 
B) myosin light- chain kinase 
C) calmodulin 
D) tropomyosin 
E) troponin

Question 20

Postural muscles of the legs and back tend to have a high proportion of what fiber type?

Accepted Answer

A) fast and slow glycolytic 
B) fast oxidative 
C) fast glycolytic 
D) slow glycolytic 
E) slow oxidative 
A) fast and slow glycolytic 
B) fast oxidative 
C) fast glycolytic 
D) slow glycolytic 
E) slow oxidative

Exam 12: Muscle Physiology

Which of the following conditions will result in a skeletal muscle that produces a greater amount of force?

Calcium binds to calmodulin where?

When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron,

What type of receptor detects muscle length?

Calcium for contraction comes entirely from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in which of the following?

While contractile proteins are similar in skeletal and smooth muscle cells, the structure and regulation of muscle contraction is quite different. Describe the arrangement of contractile proteins in smooth muscle cells and how contraction is mediated.

The binding of calcium to troponin will directly allow which of the following?

What area of a sarcomere shows up as light striations when viewed under a microscope?

The proximity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to each sarcomere permits the nearly simultaneous delivery of calcium to all sarcomeres of the muscle fiber.

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber has most of its energy come from substrate- level phosphorylation?

There is no summation of cardiac muscle.

Which of the following contains nicotinic cholinergic receptors?

What is the site where a muscle attaches to a stationary bone called?

What binds calcium in skeletal muscle cells?

What binds calcium in cardiac muscle cells?

The three proteins found to make up the thin filaments are actin, tropomyosin, and

Which of the following is NOT a specialization observed at the neuromuscular junction?

Smooth and cardiac muscle are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, whereas skeletal muscle is innervated by the somatic nervous system.

What are the elastic fibers that anchor thick filaments in place?

Postural muscles of the legs and back tend to have a high proportion of what fiber type?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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