Question 1

In Categorical Proposition 1B, the predicate term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflagrations that are not easily extinguished. 
B)  Easily extinguished. 
C)  Forest fires that are not started by campers. 
D)  Conflagrations. 
E)  Some. 
A)  Conflagrations that are not easily extinguished. 
B)  Easily extinguished. 
C)  Forest fires that are not started by campers. 
D)  Conflagrations. 
E)  Some.

Question 2

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (T) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (T)

Question 3

In the categorical proposition "Some body scans that are not invasive are acceptable measures in airports that are not targets of terrorists":

Accepted Answer

A)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
B)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
A)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
B)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed.

Question 4

Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 5

It is false that some headless horsemen are not agile individuals. Therefore, it is false that no headless horsemen are agile individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
E)  Valid; existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
E)  Valid; existential fallacy.

Question 6

In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.  You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new statement.  Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-No non-A are non-B. (F) All non-A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Contradiction. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Contradiction. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

Question 7

Given the categorical proposition "Some psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
B)  All psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
C)  Some life-threatening maladies are not psychological quirks. 
D)  All psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies. 
E)  No psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
A)  Some psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
B)  All psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
C)  Some life-threatening maladies are not psychological quirks. 
D)  All psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies. 
E)  No psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies.

Question 8

Only cats are felines.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some non-cats are not felines. 
B)  All felines are cats. 
C)  All cats are felines. 
D)  Some cats are felines. 
E)  All things identical to a cat are things identical to a feline. 
A)  Some non-cats are not felines. 
B)  All felines are cats. 
C)  All cats are felines. 
D)  Some cats are felines. 
E)  All things identical to a cat are things identical to a feline.

Question 9

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subcontrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are B. (F) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some A are B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  No non-A are B. (F) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some A are B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 10

The statement "Some glass buildings are structures hazardous to birds" is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  I-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  P-proposition. 
D)  E-proposition. 
E)  A-proposition. 
A)  I-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  P-proposition. 
D)  E-proposition. 
E)  A-proposition.

Question 11

There is a desk in the office.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some desks are not things in the office. 
B)  Some desks are in the office. 
C)  All offices are things that contain a desk. 
D)  Some desks are things in the office. 
E)  Some desks are things in the office and some desks are not things in the office. 
A)  Some desks are not things in the office. 
B)  Some desks are in the office. 
C)  All offices are things that contain a desk. 
D)  Some desks are things in the office. 
E)  Some desks are things in the office and some desks are not things in the office.

Question 12

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Particular. 
B)  Negative. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  All. 
A)  Particular. 
B)  Negative. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  All.

Question 13

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Particular. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  All. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Singular. 
A)  Particular. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  All. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Singular.

Question 14

In Categorical Proposition 1F, the predicate term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ID cards that are easy documents to duplicate. 
B)  Forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet. 
C)  Readily available on the Internet. 
D)  Easy documents to duplicate. 
E)  Internet. 
A)  ID cards that are easy documents to duplicate. 
B)  Forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet. 
C)  Readily available on the Internet. 
D)  Easy documents to duplicate. 
E)  Internet.

Question 15

It is false that no sunsets are glorious scenes. Therefore, it is false that some sunsets are not glorious scenes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 16

It is false that no landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants. Therefore, all landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 17

Party animals occupy the next apartment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people who occupy the next apartment are not party animals. 
B)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment and some party animals are not people who occupy the next apartment. 
C)  Some party animals occupy the next apartment. 
D)  All party animals are people who occupy the next apartment. 
E)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment. 
A)  Some people who occupy the next apartment are not party animals. 
B)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment and some party animals are not people who occupy the next apartment. 
C)  Some party animals occupy the next apartment. 
D)  All party animals are people who occupy the next apartment. 
E)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment.

Question 18

Only confident people are successful.

Accepted Answer

A)  All successful people are confident people. 
B)  Some people who are not confident are people who are not successful. 
C)  Some successful people are confident people. 
D)  All confident people are successful people. 
E)  No unsuccessful people are confident people. 
A)  All successful people are confident people. 
B)  Some people who are not confident are people who are not successful. 
C)  Some successful people are confident people. 
D)  All confident people are successful people. 
E)  No unsuccessful people are confident people.

Question 19

No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; illicit obversion.

Question 20

Pamela is not in the room.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
B)  All people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
C)  Some people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
D)  All people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
E)  No people identical to Pamela are people in the room. 
A)  Some people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
B)  All people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
C)  Some people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
D)  All people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
E)  No people identical to Pamela are people in the room.

In Categorical Proposition 1B, the predicate term is:

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

In the categorical proposition "Some body scans that are not invasive are acceptable measures in airports that are not targets of terrorists":

Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.

It is false that some headless horsemen are not agile individuals. Therefore, it is false that no headless horsemen are agile individuals.

Given the categorical proposition "Some psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Only cats are felines.

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subcontrary

The statement "Some glass buildings are structures hazardous to birds" is a(n):

There is a desk in the office.

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quantity is:

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantity is:

In Categorical Proposition 1F, the predicate term is:

It is false that no sunsets are glorious scenes. Therefore, it is false that some sunsets are not glorious scenes.

It is false that no landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants. Therefore, all landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants.

Party animals occupy the next apartment.

Only confident people are successful.

No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.

Pamela is not in the room.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

In Categorical Proposition 1B, the predicate term is:

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

In the categorical proposition "Some body scans that are not invasive are acceptable measures in airports that are not targets of terrorists":

Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.

It is false that some headless horsemen are not agile individuals. Therefore, it is false that no headless horsemen are agile individuals.

Given the categorical proposition "Some psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Only cats are felines.

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subcontrary

The statement "Some glass buildings are structures hazardous to birds" is a(n):

There is a desk in the office.

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quantity is:

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantity is:

In Categorical Proposition 1F, the predicate term is:

It is false that no sunsets are glorious scenes. Therefore, it is false that some sunsets are not glorious scenes.

It is false that no landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants. Therefore, all landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants.

Party animals occupy the next apartment.

Only confident people are successful.

No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.

Pamela is not in the room.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters